paper 3

Question 1

human geography in kings cross

what is the feildwork title?

Answer 1

Is Kings Cross Regeneration successful?

Question 2

human geography in kings cross

explain why it was a suitable topic for a geographical enquiry?

4

Answer 2

• we can test the geographical theory so the question is answerable
• it is a manageable scale (67 acres) so we can collect data in one day
• methods are simple like counting footfall so we can collect data so we can answer the question
• there is already secondary data because the regeneration was recent (2001) so we are able to add to our primary data to get a better answer to the question

Question 3

human geography in kings cross

why was the location for the enquiry suitable?

however
overall

good

Answer 3

the location was suitable because:
- it was close to our school so we could get to the site quickly and cheaply
- on top of this the area is mainly pedestrianised with only a few roads so it was safe enough to test our theory
- also because the redevelopment is recent there is plenty of secondary data available

however:
- data may be a bit bias
- development is still not complete
so hard to judge

overall:
despite this the location was in a suitable position and allowed us to answer our enquiry question

Question 4

human geography in kings cross

who is our theorist and what is the theory?

Answer 4

Jane Jacobs said that a successful regeneration project would have
a high concentration of users
mixed land uses

Question 5

human geography in kings cross

how does the theory help us answer our question?

Answer 5

gives us something to look for and measure so we can judge how successful it is

e.g. lots of people and many different land uses so we can conclude the redevelopment is successful?

Question 6

human geography in kings cross

what are 3 risks in the feildwork

Answer 6

1. becoming injured when crossing one of the roads
2. getting lost
3. personal safety such as being mugged

Question 7

human geography in kings cross

what are 3 risk actions we can take to prevent accidents in the feildwork

Answer 7

1. cross roads at zebra crossings only
2. make sure the group has a map and emergency contact
3. keep phones and items in bags and stay in groups of 3

Question 8

human geography in kings cross

what is primary data

Answer 8

information that you collect yourself

Question 9

human geography in kings cross

what is secondary data

Answer 9

information collected by another person or organisation

Question 10

human geography in kings cross

what secondary data might you use in Kings Cross?

Answer 10

1. facts and information from developers on site
2. newspaper articles- others opinions on success
3. maps- help distinguish land use

Question 11

human geography in kings cross

justify using maps in your enquiry

Answer 11

map can be used to ensure you are recording the correct area- use map to show where data was recorded

maps to become more familiar with the location

maps more specific than a sketch

Question 12

human geography in kings cross

what were our two methods used to record success?

Answer 12

land use survey
footfall count

Question 13

human geography in kings cross

justify the method of a land use survey

Answer 13

Jane Jacobs said that the most successful regenerations have mixed uses
if the regeneration was successful we needed to know if they had included a range of land uses in the project
so we did a land use survey

Question 14

human geography in kings cross

evaluate the method of a land use survey

good
bad
overall

Answer 14

good:
allowed us to count number of land uses
simple and quick- we can do it in one day
allowed us to compare zones easily

bad:
doesnt say how many of each one- so suggests some areas are more mixed than they really were

overall:
simple method :)

Question 15

human geography in kings cross

justify the method of counting footfall

Answer 15

Jane Jacobs said that a successful regeneration project would have a high concentration of users
by counting the number of people passing us at different points we were able to see the density of users around the site

Question 16

human geography in kings cross

evaluate the method of counting footfall

good bad overall

Answer 16

good:
quick- can do multiple areas in one day
easy- can rely on results as unlikely to be wrong
gives quantatative data- numberical and objective (not subjective)

bad:
depends on time of day and the weather
need to do all sites at about the same time on the same day

overall:
it was successful because we could overcome the problem of having to record all of the sites at the same time because we were in a large group so we could split up to record

Question 17

human geography in kings cross

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 17

the entire sample is divided into sub groups or strata of shared characteristics

Question 18

human geography in kings cross

justify why we used stratified sampling

Answer 18

so we could look at land uses in more detail across the development site
we did 5 land use surveys in total and this gave us more representative data

Question 19

human geography in kings cross

evaluate our use of stratified sampling

good bad overall

Answer 19

good:
we did 5 land use surveys across the whole regeneration so representative
easy to compare the boundries across regeneration to see if some parts were more successful than others

bad:
we had to do some research beforehand to create our zones and by doing this we may have put more bias into our results

overall:
successful sampling strategy which could be completed in one day

Question 20

human geography in kings cross

which to ways did we present data

Answer 20

located stacked bar chart
isoline map

Question 21

human geography in kings cross

justify our use of a located stacked bar chart to present our data

Answer 21

we wanted to know if the Kings X regeneration was successful and our theorist, Jane Jacobs said the most successful regenerations had mixed land uses so we did a land use survey.
the results were presented as a located stacked bar chart in order to see mixed land use across the whole site

Question 22

human geography in kings cross

evaluate the use of a located stacked bar chart when presenting our data

good bad overall

Answer 22

good:
simple to read
easy to see number of land uses to able to judge success
can see which areas have land uses because it is on a map- allows us to compare data

bad:
doesn’t say what percentage of the area is made up by different land uses

overall:
allows us to make reasonable conclusions about the success of Kings Cross

Question 23

human geography in kings cross

justify the use of an isoline map when presenting our data

Answer 23

we wanted to know if the Kings X regeneration was successful and our theorist, Jane Jacobs said the most successful regenerations have a high concentration of users so we did a people count
the results were presented on an isoline map in order to see concentration of users across the site and determine which areas were busiest and quietest

Question 24

human geography in kings cross

evaluate the use of an isoline map when we presented our data

good bad overall

Answer 24

good:
clearly shows us which areas have the highest and lowest concentrations of users which help determine success
this means that we can make a quick judgement at a glance due to its visual representation

bad:
only gives us a snapshot of people as taken from a 2 min count
numbers not precise as they have been rounded up or down to the nearest 10
no comparison to outside the regeneration so difficult to know how successful compared to the rest of the paper

overall:
despite this it gives a fairly clear picture of how many people in each area

Question 25

# human geography in kings cross how did our presentation of data and methods help us answer our question

Answer 25

our question was How successful is Kings Cross regeneration Jane Jacobs said that a successful regeneration would have a high concentration of users and a mixed number of uses our footfall counts showed that there was a high concentration of users in the area this suggests that the regeneration was successful our land use survey said that there was a high mix of land uses this suggests that the regeneration was successful

Question 26

# human geography in kings cross evaluate the reliability of your results | good bad good bad overall

Answer 26

our footfall counts were reliable because: simple method so likely mistakes were made to make results more reliable we got several people to count at each location and took an average so results are more representative however only counted pedestrians at one time of day and one type of weather so only got a snapshot our land use survey results were reasonably reliable because: used stratified sampling so looked at 5 diff zones so got a more accurate picture of how the land was used however didnt find out how much of each zone was covered by each land use so didnt know exactly how mixed it was despite this we did get some reliable evidence that suggsets the area was successful could be improved upon if i collected some secondary data to investigate how reliable my data is

Question 27

# human geography in kings cross how could we improve the land use survey method

Answer 27

look at every building to work out land use so decreases scale of method so more reflective

Question 28

# human geography in kings cross how could we have improved the pedestrian count

Answer 28

different times of day and diff weather to create a more accurate average looked at locations outside of regeneration to give us comparative data to see if it was busy or not

Question 29

# physical feildwork in Wales what is the title of the physical feildwork enquiry?

Answer 29

How does the cross section of the River Tarrel change as you go downstream?

Question 30

# physical feildwork in Wales why was our enquiry a suitable title? | 5

Answer 30

the question we are answering is geographical the enquiry is an appropriate scale the risk is low and manageable the data is easy to collect quickly (simple method only measuring width and depth) we are testing a hypothesis based on a model

Question 31

# physical feildwork in Wales why was the enquiry in a suitable location? | 6

Answer 31

* low risk because the river is narrow and shallow * we can travel there quickly and cheaply from London * the river is accessible; there are footpaths that take you to the river and it is on public land * we can see every course of the river because it is short so we can draw reasonable conclusions * all of the rivers in the UK are monitered so there is secondary data available. similarly we visit the same location every year so we can compare our data to ensure it is reliable * the data we collect is reliable because the river is narrow and shallow

Question 32

# physical feildwork in Wales explain two factors you considered when picking the location of your feildwork (4)

Answer 32

- the river tarrel is a suitable location for my enquiry because we visit the same location every year. so we can compare the data we collect to previous years to ensure our results are similar and therefore reliable - secondly the river Tarrel is accessible because it is on public land. so, we are able to collect data from every course of the river. this allows us to test Bradshaws theory

Question 33

# physical feildwork in Wales who is our theorist?

Answer 33

Bradshaw

Question 34

# physical feildwork in Wales what did Bradshaw say? (what was is the theory)

Answer 34

1. the channel gets wider as you move downstream 2. the channel gets deeper as you move downstream so, we expect the cross section of the river to get bigger as we move downstream

Question 35

# physical feildwork in Wales what are 3 risks in testing our theory

Answer 35

1. hypothermia 2. getting lost and not having signal to contact someone 3. busy roads

Question 36

# physical feildwork in Wales what are the 3 risk actions we took

Answer 36

1. wear waterproof clothing so if you fall into the river you wont get too wet or cold 2. stay in groups of 3 and carry maps 3. cross over roads in groups, look both ways before crossing

Question 37

# physical feildwork in Wales what two methods did we use

Answer 37

1. measuring width 2. measuring depth

Question 38

# physical feildwork in Wales justify our method of measuring the river width

Answer 38

we wanted to see how the cross section of the river Tarrel changed as we moved downstream. given that the cross section is made up of the depth and width, we had to measure the channels width.

Question 39

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate the method of measuring width | good bad overall

Answer 39

good: easy to use equipment without training quick to take measurements equipment is lightweight, portable and cheap bad: particularly in the upper course the undercutting of the bank made the width harder to measure harder to hold tape measure taught in middle and lower course where water flows faster so data may be less accurate. however we got someone to stand in the middle to hold the tape measure keeping it tense overall: challenges could be overcome so it was a good method overall which helped us to prove Bradshaws theory and answer our question

Question 40

# physical feildwork in Wales justify the method of measuring depth

Answer 40

we wanted to see how the cross section of the river Tarrel changed as we moved downstream. given that the cross section is made up of the depth and width, we had to measure the channels depth.

Question 41

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate the method of measuring depth | good bad overall

Answer 41

good: easy to use equipment without training quick to take measurements we were able to take 5 measurements across the channel so the data was more representative of the channel bad: harder to hold metre stick upright in faster flowing current- inaccurate results as we move downstream secondly the channel got wider so the 5 measurements we took of the depth became less representative of the cross section overall: it was a good method overall which allowed us to get accurate results to test Bradshaws theory and answer our question

Question 42

# physical feildwork in Wales what type of sampling did we use for the depth

Answer 42

stratified sampling

Question 43

# physical feildwork in Wales justify our use of stratified sampling

Answer 43

* some of the river was difficult to access (e.g. private land) so we could choose the points of the river we measured * had to look at a range of sites in every course of the river in order to answer our question- to see how the rivers channel changed as we go downstream

Question 44

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate our use of stratified sampling | good bad overall

Answer 44

good: gets a good representation of the rivers long profile so we can test Bradshaws theory and our question easier to take measurements as we choose what points of the river we visit quick as we didnt have to measure too many points on the river

Question 45

# physical feildwork in Wales what two sources of secondary data did we use

Answer 45

maps - Google earth photos

Question 46

# physical feildwork in Wales Why might you use maps in your enquiry? Justify

Answer 46

maps: to familiarise myself with the area of feildwork before going on the feild trip, this allowed me to choose suitable sites for data collection based on accessibility and safety

Question 47

# physical feildwork in Wales why might you use photos in your enquiry. justify

Answer 47

photos: allows us to visually see how the size of the river Tarrels cross section changes along its course we can more easily identify anomalies (that dont match the trend shown in the photos) in our measurements more accurate than a sketch

Question 48

# physical feildwork in Wales what two methods did we use to present the data

Answer 48

bar charts to present width located cross section

Question 49

# physical feildwork in Wales justify presenting the data on a bar chart to present width

Answer 49

easy and quick to produce conveys data clearly

Question 50

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate the use of a bar chart to present the width as one of our data presentation methods | good bad overall

Answer 50

good: easy to understand data/ easy to read- conveys a clear increase at a glance easy to make this bar chart accurately and quickly bad: we cant tell where the sites were taken along the river from this graph doesnt show the depth of cross section in relation to width. we investigated both characteristics of the river channel overall: overall it is good because it is suitable for anyone to understand our data quickly

Question 51

# physical feildwork in Wales justify our use of a located cross section when we presented our data

Answer 51

accurate data which was representative of all of our findings, width and depth, in relation to the course of the river shows shape of the channel

Question 52

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate our use of a located cross section when we presented our data | good bad overall

Answer 52

good: shows the relationship of the width and the depth without needing two graphs so data can be compared side by side shows relationship between the size of the channel (width and depth) and the course of the river, along with showing where sites were along the channel so answers the question and tests Bradshaws theory bad: the trend is less obvious to see at a glance can't show the data from every site we visited and measured. only shows cross section of 3 points overall: good because it shows full data more accurately, despite the fact that it is harder/more time consuming to produce

Question 53

# physical feildwork in Wales how did your resluts help to answer your question? (4)

Answer 53

Our question was how does the cross section of the river Tarrel change as you move downstream. Bradshaw said that both the width and depth of a rivers channel would increase alongs its course. this implies that the size of a rivers cross section will increase as you move downstream. Our results showed that the width of the rivers cross section increased as we move downstream. This allowed us to accept Bradshaws theory. Our results showed that although the depth of the cross section does vary, the depth does generally increase as you move downstream. This allowed us to generally accept Bradshaws theory. Overall our results helped us to answer our question as well as to test Bradshaws theory.

Question 54

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate the reliability of our width results?

Answer 54

overall our width results were reliable because - we used a simple method so we were unlikely to make mistakes which would produce inaccurate data - we measured our data on the same day, so rainfall couldn't interfere with our results However we may have slightly underestimated the width of the channel upstream, where the undercutting of the bank made it hard to find the edge of the channel

Question 55

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate the reliability of our depth results

Answer 55

overall our depth results were reasonably reliable because: - we found the depth at 3 places on the river at each site. in each place we measured the depth at 5 points across the channel. this allowed us to find an average deoth at each site which would be more representative and accurate of the true values however as the river got wider as we moved downstream our depth measurement points became further apart so our average depth became less representative as we moved downstream

Question 56

# physical feildwork in Wales how could we improve the method of measuring width (reduce error and make it closer to true value | problem improvement results conclusion

Answer 56

problem: in lower course current was faster so tape measure pulled so more difficult to find accurate measurement improvement: to improve this we could have placed several people at points across the cross section to then hold the tape measure taught. impact on results: this would have likely made our results lower than we recorded impact on conclusion: this may mean that the width did not increase as much as we concluded. but the difference is only minimal so our conclusions were still valid

Question 57

# physical feildwork in Wales how could we improve the method of measuring depth (reduce error and make it closer to true value) | problem improvement results conclusion

Answer 57

problem: as we moved down stream the river became wider, the gaps between depth measurements got wider so the results were less representative of the cross section here improvement: to improve this we could have used systematic sampling and measured every 20cm impact on results: by improving the method, the depth results would be equally representative at upper, middle and lower course so would be more reliable. impact on conclusion: by improving the method, we could see a more representative cross section so make valid conclusions about how it changed. however it is unlikely that this would change our conclusions significantly

Question 58

# physical feildwork in Wales what are some general improvements to the method | 2

Answer 58

* go back and redo on diff days so i can take an average to check for accuracy and also see the influence of different weathers * measure more sites with smaller gaps between them so I would have a more accurate representation of how the river changes as we move downstream

Question 59

# physical feildwork in Wales what human interaction did we look at

Answer 59

the influence of a bridge on the cross section of the river

Question 60

# physical feildwork in Wales justify why we looked at human interaction

Answer 60

we measured the width and depth of the river under a bridge to see what impact humans might have on these features

Question 61

# physical feildwork in Wales evaluate our study on human interaction on the river

Answer 61

our measurements showed that the river got narrower and deeper here good: the results were fairly accurate bad: but the river was very fast flowing here and deep so it was difficult to hold the measuring stick still or read the measurements accurately overall: we were fairly sure that the river got narrower and deeper when humans built the bridge