paper 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Physical
FIELDWORK ENQUIRY QUESTION
How does coastal management affect long-shore drift at Hastings?
Human
FIELDWORK ENQUIRY QUESTION
Has regeneration been successful in Hastings?
What are the 6 stages of geographical enquiry
-Determining a suitable enquiry question
-Collecting data relevant to the enquiry
-Presenting the data that has been collected
-Analysing, describing and explaining data
-Reaching conclusions from data
-Evaluating the geographical enquiry
Physical
Why did you choose to investigate long-shore drift and coastal management in Hastings?
Hastings is a coastal area that is facing significant effects from long-shore drift and has invested in coastal management as a result
Human
Why did you choose to investigate regeneration in Hastings
Not long ago, Hastings had undergone a spiral of decline due to the decline of its traditional fishing industry which had harmful effects on people’s quality of life. However, actions have been taken to regenerate the area
Human
What is the geographical concept underpinning the enquiry?
Urban Regeneration
Physical
What is the geographical concept underpinning the enquiry?
Long-shore drift
Physical
Sources of primary data
The coastline of Hastings
LOCATION
Physical
Sources of secondary data + STRENGTHS (helps with justifications) and LIMITATIONS (helps with evaluation) of sources
-OS Map Extract of the coastline
Detailed and showed me where different coastal management technologies were located along the coastline
Told me very little about the processes of long-shore drift happening
-Hastings Shoreline Management Plan document from 2006
Gave me a reliable outlook on the different coastal management strategies in place as it is a legal document
-Photos of the coastline from Satellite.pro
Showed me the coastline in great detail
May have not given me the most reliable data as pictures on Satellite.pro are only updated every 10 years
Physical
Data from secondary sources
OS map extract
-The different coastal management strategies at place along the coastline in Hastings
Photos from Satellite.pro
-How long-shore drift has shaped the coastline in Hastings and the different coastal management strategies at place along the coast
The Shoreline Management Plan document from 2006
-The different coastal management strategies at place along the coast
Physical
Primary data collected + the SAMPLING TYPE
Beach profiles- SYSTEMATIC
Sediment size analysis- RANDOM AND SYSTEMATIC
Groyne profiles- SYSTEMATIC
Physical
Positives(for justification of why you did this during your enquiry) and negatives(for evaluation) of sampling methods
-Beach profiles
Data I collected was directly linked to the enquiry question as it was able to show the effects of groynes at the coastline on the movement of sediment by long-shore drift. It was easy to carry out
The data might not have been very accurate as the person I did it with may not have been my exact height. I should have used ranging poles
-Sediment size analysis
I was able to collect data that proved that long-shore drift was actually occurring along the coastline in Hastings as my data showed that sediment got smaller as I moved along the beach in the direction of long-shore drift. It was also easy to carry out
My data may have been biased as I, sometimes, tried to pick a larger stone
-Groyne profiles
I was able to collect data that showed how the coastal management strategies in place were affecting transportation of sediment due to long-shore drift. It was also a straight-forward method
My data may have been susceptible to human error on my part while measuring
Physical
Description of sampling methods
-Beach profiles
I ran a tape measure up the beach from the coastline. Then, I used a CLINOMETER to measure the angle of the beach every 5 metres by looking through it to someone of similar height to me who was 5 metres along the tape measure away from me. We did this several times till we got to the top of the beach and I repeated this at two sides of 3 groynes on the beach.
-Sediment size analysis
I ran a tape measure from one groyne to another along the coastline. Then, I walked 2 metres from the first groyne and picked up a random pebble with my eyes closed. I measured the length of the longest axis of the pebble using a calliper and repeated this till I reached the other groyne. I did this between 4 groynes.
-Groyne profiles
I ran a tape measure next to a groyne from the coastline up the beach. Then, I used a 1 metre ruler to measure the height of the groyne that was visible on either side of it every 2 metres. I repeated this for 3 groynes.
Physical
Risk assessment
Risk
-A low risk of drowning or being swept to sea; I WAS IN A GROUP OF 4 WITH OTHERS
-A high risk of falling on slippery rocks; I WORE APPROPRIATE FOOTWEAR THAT HAD GOOD GRIP
-A high risk of cutting my feet on sharp rocks; I WORE APPROPRIATE FOOTWEAR WITH GOOD COVERING
Physical
Data presentation methods
Groyne profiles- DUAL BAR CHART
Beach profiles- LINE GRAPH
Sediment size analysis- Scatter graph
Physical
COMING TO A CONCLUSION FROM THE ENQUIRY INVESTIGATION
Points of ANALYSIS on the data from each of the data collection methods
In the exam, think about reliability also: Are there anomalies in the data which would make it invalid?
Groyne Profile- The bar chart showed that the height of the groyne that was visible on the westside was always less than the height on the eastside. The MEDIAN HEIGHT was also less. THIS PROVED THAT the coastal management strategy is effective as it is preventing sediment from being transported away due to long-shore drift
Beach profile- The line graphs showed that on the westside of the groynes, the angle of the beach was greater. THIS PROVED THAT transportation of sediment due to long-shore drift was being stopped because there was more sediment being trapped on the west-side of the groyne which was WHY this side was steeper.
Sediment size analysis)- The scatter graph showed that there was a NEGATIVE CORRELATION between sediment size and distance moved along the beach. THIS PROVED THAT long-shore drift was happening as it showed that waves were depositing larger sediment first then smaller sediment later as they carried sediment along the coastline
Physical
What do you have to do when evaluating limitations of data collection methods and data collected
State the limitation AND explain it and how it affects the OVERALL enquiry(it’s validity for e.g.)— explain the effects of limitations on the ACCURACY of the data collected
Physical
EVALUATION(could your conclusion be more RELIABLE)- What other data collection methods could have been used? or data could have been collected?
We could have collected data from previous investigations into long-shore drift at Hastings
We could have collected data from more sites along the coastline and investigated other coastal management strategies in place
What to do for evaluation?
N.B. Evaluation is usually all about how reliable the conclusion of the enquiry is
What other data collection methods could have been used? or data could have been collected?
Are there anomalies in the data which would make it invalid?
What are the limitations of data collection methods used?
HOW COULD YOU IMPROVE THE DATA COLLECTION METHODS IN THE FUTURE
Human
Sources of primary data
Hastings. I collected data from specific areas in the Hastings such as the Old Town and the Pier
Humans
Primary data collected + the SAMPLING TYPE
Questionnaire- RANDOM
Environmental Quality Survey(EQS)
Footfall survey
Human
Positives(for justification of why you did this during your enquiry) and negatives(for evaluation) of sampling methods
Questionnaire-
I was able to get the opinion of local people in the area and using RANDOM SAMPLING meant that my data was fairly free from bias. It was also easy to get a large amount of data quickly
I could have questioned more people in order to have a greater SAMPLE SIZE
Environmental Quality survey(EQS)-
This method provided data that directly links to my enquiry question as the data showed the extent to which the investments and actions carried out to regenerate Hastings had visible positive effects
The data might have been biased as it was subjective and based off the opinion of only one person(myself)
Footfall survey-
It provided data that directly linked to my enquiry question as it showed whether or not people were using the facilities and taking advantage of the improvements from the regeneration which is a show of its success or lack thereof.
I collected data from only two areas and collected from one in the morning and another, closer to midday
What do you use PADL for in the fieldwork enquiry section
Stating the PATTERN your data showed, using EVIDENCE to back this up and writing about HOW AND WHY this supported your conclusion to the enquiry question as a LINK.
The A means anomalies but you can also use it to talk about limitations of the data/ data methods and possible reductions in accuracy of it
Human
Description of sampling/ data collection methods
Questionnaire-
I asked local people in two areas in Hastings various questions on their opinion of the area and I asked them the question, “Has regeneration been successful in Hastings?”. The areas were the Old Town and the Pier
Environmental quality survey(EQS)-
I carried out an EQS for two areas(the Old Town and the Pier) in Hastings.
Footfall Survey-
I counted the number of people that walked by me in 5 minutes at two areas of Hastings, namely, the Old town and the Pier. I did this 3 times to get an average footfall for each area
