paper two: child language Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
what are the themes?
A
- phonology
- pragmatics
- lexis and semantics
- grammar
- child directed speech
2
Q
what age does the holophrastic stage cover?
A
12-18 months
3
Q
what happens during the holophrastic stage?
A
- a whole sentence worth of meaning in just a single word
- caregiver should interpret the child’s words and encourage them to expand on the utterance by asking questions
4
Q
holophrase
A
- a single word expressing a whole idea which can act as a declarative, exclamative,
interrogative, or imperative
5
Q
overextension
A
- a word is used more broadly to describe things with similar properties
- e.g. any man may be called ‘dad’
6
Q
hypernym
A
- an overarching (category) noun which encompasses many other nouns
- e.g. cutlery includes knives, forks and spoons
7
Q
hyponym
A
- a noun with a narrower meaning which is part of a hypernym
- e.g. spoon is in the category for cutlery
8
Q
what age does the two-word stage cover?
A
18-24 months
9
Q
two-word stage
A
- two-word combinations in a word order which often resembles adult speech
- vocabulary range will start to include more verbs, adjectives,
adverbs and pronouns
10
Q
what age does the telegraphic stage cover?
A
24-36 months
11
Q
telegraphic stage
A
- utterances become longer
- children convey ideas through content words and an emerging
use of grammatical words, which are often omitted as they are not needed for meaning
12
Q
virtuous error
A
- errors in morphology that have some underlying logic to demonstrate that learning has taken place
- e.g. i runned, three mens
13
Q
syntactic inversion (phonology)
A
- reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence, learnt when forming a
question - e.g. ‘i can eat the cake’ instead of ‘can i eat the cake’
14
Q
what age does the post-telegraphic stage cover?
A
36+ months
15
Q
post-telegraphic stage
A
- children are able to use grammatically more complex combinations
- they begin forming full sentences
16
Q
normal non-fluency (phonology)
A
- hesitation whilst mental processing occurs, especially when attempting more complex
sentences or recounting stories - e.g. ‘she runned and - and - and’
17
Q
deletion (phonology)
A
- omitting a particular sound within a word, usually the final consonant or a weak syllable
- e.g. jamas = pyjamas
18
Q
consonant cluster (phonology)
A
- reducing phonologically complex units into simpler ones
- e.g. dis = dish, fis = fish
19
Q
substitution (phonology)
A
- swapping one sound for another which is easier to pronounce
- e.g. wok = rock
20
Q
A
