Parasites Flashcards Preview

POM Exam 1 > Parasites > Flashcards

Flashcards in Parasites Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Are parasites eukaryotes, prokaryotes, or both?

A

Eukaryotes

2
Q

3 main protozoa?

A

ameba, flagellates, sporozoa

3
Q

3 main parasite categories?

A

single celled protozoa, multicellular helminths, macroscopic ectoparasites

4
Q

3 main helminths?

A

nematodes/roundworms, cestodes/tapeworms, trematodes

5
Q

Why are antiparasitic agents potentially toxic?

A

targeting eukaryotic processes

6
Q

Main ectoparasite subcategory?

A

arthropods (i.e. ticks, fleas, lice)

7
Q

What category of parasite can act as vectors or disease agents?

A

ectoparasites

8
Q

How are protozoa categorized?

A

by mode of movement

9
Q

What do all sporozoa have in common?

A

organisms whose adult stage is not motile

10
Q

What kind of parasite is plasmodium?

A

sporozoa

11
Q

What kinds of parasites are giardia and trichomonas?

A

flagellates

12
Q

What are the life cycle stages of protozoa?

A

trophozoite and cyst, some may have additional sexual stages

13
Q

What do trophozoites do?

A

they’re motile, feeding, and reproducing

14
Q

What do cysts do?

A

they’re thick walled and surviving in the environment

15
Q

What life cycle stage of protozoa is associated with pathogenicity?

A

trophozoite

16
Q

Definitive vs intermediate host?

A

Definitive = where parasite completes sexual phase; intermediate = parasite lives asexually

17
Q

Define reservoir

A

host that serves as a source of parasite transmission to the population of interest

18
Q

In what stages of life are flukes infectious?

A

egg, larva, and adult

19
Q

In what stages of life are tapeworms infectious?

A

larva and adult

20
Q

In what stages of life are nematodes infectious?

A

larva and adult

21
Q

2 kinds of larvae?

A

rhabditiform and filariform

22
Q

Which larvae is “early stage”

A

rhabditiform

23
Q

Which larvae is “later stage”

A

filariform

24
Q

Which larvae is infectious?

A

filariform

25
Q

What is the innate human immune response to parasites?

A

high eosinophil count/Eosinophilia

26
Q

Are eosinophils effective at combating parasitic infections?

A

No - eukaryotic parasites have evolved to supress, avoid, and deflect

27
Q

What is meant by the “hygiene hypothesis?”

A

As we decrease the incidence of parasites with modern, more sterile environments, we increase the risk of inappropriate immune response to self-antigens and environmental allergens (immune disease and allergies increase)

28
Q

Helminths vs protozoa - which is considered a more cosmopolitan infection and which is associated with poor countries?

A
Cosmopolitan = protozoans (i.e. Giardia)
Poor = helminths (i.e. tapeworms)
29
Q

Geographic distribution of vector borne parasites?

A

Corresponds to geographic distribution and seasonal activities of their arthropods

30
Q

Explain how local intestinal disease works. What kind of organism involved?

A

trophozoites attach at brush border and injure/irritate, villous atrophy/damage of microvilli or tight junctions may occur, symptoms range from asymptomatic to diarrhea, may even be chronic syndrome