Viruses/Prions Flashcards Preview

POM Exam 1 > Viruses/Prions > Flashcards

Flashcards in Viruses/Prions Deck (31)
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1
Q

4 components of a virus?

A

protein, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars

2
Q

What is a virion?

A

entire virus particle

3
Q

Envelope vs capsid?

A

envelope = external lipid membrane present in some viruses; capsid = all viruses have it, protein coat

4
Q

What is a nucleocapsid?

A

some viruses have this special protein coat around nucleic acid

5
Q

What is a capsomer?

A

Subunit that makes up a capsid

6
Q

Protein coats can be ___ or ___ in shape? Which can hold more nucleic acid?

A

icosahedral or helical (open); helical has no theoretical limit to amount of DNA that can be packaged

7
Q

mRNA would indicate a _____ sense strand

A

positive

8
Q

Which sense strand can be immediately made into viral proteins?

A

positive

9
Q

Which sense strand virus has to bring its own RNA dependent RNA polymerase?

A

negative

10
Q

Which kind of viruses are more prone to errors, RNA or DNA?

A

RNA - no proofreading function so more mutable

11
Q

Phases of viral replication kinetics?

A

Inoculation, eclipse, burst

12
Q

Before uncoating in the cell, a virus must do what?

A

attach to cell membrane receptor and be taken into cell

13
Q

What kinds of genes do viral genomes not possess?

A

Genes encoding protein synthesis machinery, energy metabolism, and membrane biosynthesis

14
Q

What are the spikes you tend to see on enveloped viruses?

A

Glycoproteins that have been encoded in viral genome, can be used for docking to cell

15
Q

GI tract pathogens - enveloped or nonenveloped?

A

Nonenveloped because acid destroys lipids

16
Q

Naked viruses are more likely to be released in what manner?

A

Through lysis

17
Q

Which viruses are more sensitive to heat, acids, and drying? Enveloped or naked?

A

Enveloped

18
Q

5 ways that viruses can be categorized?

A

Virus family, disease process/site of infection, route of transmission, genome type, ability to establish latency

19
Q

What way of categorizing viruses is most useful for public health measures?

A

By route of transmission!

20
Q

Epstein Barr is from what family of viruses?

A

Herpesvirus

21
Q

Are herpesviruses enveloped or naked? What kind of genome do they have?

A

enveloped; dsDNA

22
Q

“Cold sores” are mostly associated with…

A

HSV1 (some HSV2)

23
Q

VZV can reactivate as…

A

shingles

24
Q

Which is more contagious, shingles or varicella?

A

varicella

25
Q

Which viruses are associated with infectious mono?

A

Mostly EBV but also CMV

26
Q

Genome of influenza A?

A

segmented RNA

27
Q

Influenza A - enveloped or naked?

A

enveloped

28
Q

Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

A

reverse transcriptase activity; RNA to DNA (integrated) to RNA again

29
Q

2 main prion diseases in humans?

A

Kuru and CJD

30
Q

Why do prion diseases produce spongiform encephalopathies?

A

plaque formation/accumulation in brain

31
Q

Transmission of CJD is usually ____ or ____

A

iatrogenic or inherited