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Infectious Disease 2 > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

Malaria (aka blackwater fever) causative organism?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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2
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

Bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito

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3
Q

What is the MC geographic distribution of Malaria?

A

Tropical and subtropical regions

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4
Q

Diagnostic testing for Malaria?

A

Thick and thin smears

Ribax - rapid detection

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5
Q

What are some physical features that indicate poor prognosis in pts with Malaria?

A 
Agitation
Hyperventilation
Hypothermia
Bleeding (nose, rectal, etc.)
Deep coma
Anuria
Shock
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6
Q

What medication do you take if you were going to go on a medical mission to Haiti?

A

Chloroquine phosphate OR hydroxychloroquine

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7
Q

What medication do you give when a pt will be traveling for a longer duration (ie. religious missions)?
AND who is it contraindicated in?

A

Mefloquine

- pts with seizures and psych conditions

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8
Q

What should you warn pts about when taking Doxycycline?

A

Photosensitivity and GI side effects

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9
Q

What two medication regimens makeup Malarone?

A

Atovaquine + Proguanil

- $$$

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10
Q

What drugs are used for uncomplicated Malaria?

A

Artemether + Lumefantrine

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11
Q

What can primaquine cause?

A

Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency

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12
Q

Severe malaria should be managed with what?

A

IV Artesunate

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13
Q

What is the causative organism of Schistosomiasis?

A

Schistosoma (AKA snail fever)

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14
Q

How is Schistosomiasis transmitted?

A

Blood flukes entering skin from contaminated water (walking barefoot on a beach)

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15
Q

What species does Katayama fever occur primarily in?

A

S. Mansoni and S. Japonicum species

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16
Q

S/Sx of Katayama fever?

A

Chest pain
Hematochezia
Hepatosplenomegaly

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17
Q

What will you find in diagnostic testing for Schistosomiasis?

A

Eosinophilia

Excreted eggs in stool and urine sample

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18
Q

What is the management of Schistosomiasis?

A

Praziquantel

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19
Q

Causative Organism of Toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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20
Q

How is Toxoplasmosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of oocyst from cat feces
Ingestion of oocysts in raw pork
Vertical transmission from mom to fetus (highest risk 3rd trimester)

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21
Q

What is the biggest concern with congenital infection from toxoplasmosis?

A

Retinochoroditis

- MC late finding

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22
Q

What is the diagnostic testing for Toxoplasmosis and what do you see?

A

CT or MRI: ring-enhancing lesions

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23
Q

What is the tx for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine w/leucovorin

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24
Q

What is the causative organism of Scabies (AKA 7 yr itch)?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei —> linear burrows

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25
What is the treatment for scabies?
Permethrin 5% Ivermectin Lindane 1% (don't use in peds) - + antihistamine
26
What is the causative organism of Pediculosis?
Pediculus humanus capitus and corporis
27
Body lice can also transmit or carry what?
Rickettsia prowazekii - causative agent for epidemic typhus
28
What is treatment for Pediculosis?
Permethrin (RID, Nix) - tx of choice | Ivermectin (Sklice)
29
What is the causative organism of bedbugs?
Cimex Lectularis (MC bedbug in US)
30
What is the transmission of bedbugs?
Fomite contact | mattresses, cushions, pillows, crevices of wooden beds
31
What is the MC sx if bitten by bedbugs?
ITCHINGGGG
32
What is the tx for bedbugs?
Malathion Lindane Calamine lotion
33
What is the causative organism of Ascariasis?
Ascaris Lumbricoides
34
How is Ascariasis transmitted?
Fecal-oral route | - eggs in warm moist contaminated soil
35
What is Loeffler's syndrome?
Eosinophilic pneumonia | - Caused by Ascariasis
36
What are the diagnostic testing for Ascariasis?
Eosinophilia | Stool samples x 3 to identify eggs
37
What is tx for Ascariasis?
Mebendazole Albendazole Ivermectin
38
How do you prevent Ascariasis?
Sanitation and proper hygiene
39
What is the causative organism of Enteroviasis?
AKA pinworms | Enterobius vermicularis
40
How is Enteroviasis transmitted?
Ingestion of eggs from perianal area of infected individuals
41
What age group is Enteroviasis MC in?
Children 5-10 yrs old
42
MC sx from a pt infected Enteroviasis?
pruritus ani
43
Where do the male and female make in a pt infected with Enteroviasis?
Terminal ileocecal region
44
Diagnostic testing for Enteroviasis?
Scotch tape test
45
What is the management of Enteroviasis?
Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel Pamoate
46
What is the causative organism of Necatoriasis?
AKA Hookworm | Necator Americanus
47
How is Necatoriasis transmitted?
Dermal exposure to fecal contaminated soil
48
MC cause from Necatoriasis?
Iron deficiency anemia
49
Diagnostic testing for Necatoriasis?
Serial stool samples (O&P) - most diagnositic Eosinophilia Microcyotic Anemia
50
What is the management of Necatoriasis?
Mebendazole Albendazole Pyrantel Pamoare Iron supplement
51
What is the causative organism of Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm?
Taenia solium
52
How is Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm transmitted?
Ingestion of infected measly pork containing cysticerci
53
A clinical manifestation: Cysticericosis from Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm can cause what?
Asymptomatic until cust degrade which actives the immune system - may migrate to brain, eyes, and/or striated muscle
54
A clinical manifestation: Neurocysticerosis from Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm can cause what?
Seizure (MC), altered mental status
55
What is the management of Cysticercosis/Pork Tapeworm and management for beef tapeworm?
Praziquantel
56
What is the causative organism of beef tapeworm?
Taenia Saginata
57
How is beef tapeworm transmitted?
Ingestion of infected "measly: beef containing cysticerci
58
What is the causative organism of Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Trichinella spiralis
59
How is Trichinellosis/Trichinosis transmitted?
Ingestion of encysted larvae in undercooked pork or bear meat
60
What is the MCC of death in a pt who has been infected with Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Myocarditis
61
What are S/Sx of someone who has been infected with Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Muscle pain and swelling Weakness Periorbital edema Splinter hemorrhages
62
What is diagnostic for Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Muscle biopsy
63
What is the treatment for Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
Mebendazole Albendazole Prednisone

Infectious Disease 2 (6 decks)

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