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Infectious Disease 2 > Zoonotic Diseases > Flashcards

Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

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2
Q

What is the MC location of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Palms and soles of feet

- Centripetal rash

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3
Q

What is the tx for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol

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4
Q

What is the causative agent of Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi (spirochete)

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5
Q

What does Lyme disease affect?

A

Skin
Joints
Nervous system
Heart

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6
Q

Lyme disease vectors

A

Deer tick
Sheep tick
Taiga tick
Black-legged tick

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7
Q

What is the treatment for early-stage Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Cefuroxime

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8
Q

What is the causative organism of Tularemia?

A

Francisella Tularensis

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9
Q

What is the MC form of Tularemia?

A

Ulceroglandular/Glandular Tularemia

- glandular: no ulceration

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10
Q

S/sx of Oculoglandular Tularemia?

A

Ulceration of the conjunctiva
Painful preauricular LAD (hallmark)
Chemosis

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11
Q

S/Sx of Orophayngeal Tularemia?

A

Cervical LAD

Exudative tonsillitis or pharyngitis

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12
Q

S/sx of Tularemia Pneumonia?

A

D/t inhalation

- hilar adenopathy

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13
Q

What is the 1st line tx of Tularemia?

A

Steptomucom
Gentamicin
- if meningitis use FQ or Chloramphenicol

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14
Q

What is the causative agent of Relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia Hermsii
B. parkeri
B. duttoni
B. miyamotoi

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15
Q

What is a clinical manifestation of relapsing fever?

A

Rash (macular, papular, petechial) that terminates after 3-10 days, then reoccurs after 1-2 wks

  • Chill and flush phase
  • CNS complications
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16
Q

What is the treatment for relapsing fever?

A

Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Penicillin G

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17
Q

What is the causative agent of Dengue fever?

A

Dengue fever virus

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18
Q

What is the principal vector of Dengue fever?

A

Aedes spp. mosquitoes

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19
Q

What clinical manifestation is seen in a pt with Dengue fever?

A

Saddleback pattern —> initial infxn/ fever is mild or asymptomatic, then sxs become more and more severe

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20
Q

What test is performed in a pt with Dengue fever?

A

Tourniquet test (will be positive)

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21
Q

What are s/sx of critical phases of Dengue fever?

A

GI hemorrhage

Plasma leakage into the chest and peritoneal cavities

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22
Q

How is the rash of Dengue fever described?

A

White islands in a sea of red

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23
Q

What is the causative organism of Zika?

A

Zika Virus

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24
Q

What is the clinical manifestation in Zika infx in pregnancy?

A

Microcephaly and fetal brain defects

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25
When can Zika be detected in semen?
Up to 3-6 mos after initial infections
26
What is the vector of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Dog tick and rocky mountain wood tick
27
What is the vector of Tularemia?
Dog tick Rocky Mountain wood tick Long start tick
28
What is the vector of Relapsing fever?
Soft body ticks
29
What is a pregnancy complication from Relapsing fever?
Spontaneous abortion Premature birth Neonatal death
30
What is the causative agent of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever?
Ebola virus (from Africa)
31
What is the reservoir of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever?
Fruit bats
32
How is Ebola Hemorrhagic fever transmitted?
Consumption of bushmeat | Bats, Gorilla, Chimpanzees, Shrews, and Duikers
33
What are some rare manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: West Nile Virus?
Encephalitis Flaccid Paralysis Neuological sequelae
34
Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: Western Equine Encephalitis is most commonly seen in children or adults?
Children
35
What Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis has a vaccine available?
Japanese encephalitis
36
What is the vector of Manifestations of mosquito-borne encephalitis: Eastern Equine Encephalitis?
Black-tailed mosquito
37
What is the most severe mosqutio-borne illness in the US?
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
38
What is the causative agent of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
American Hantavirus | - MC: Sin Nombre virus
39
How is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome transmitted?
Aerosolized virus from infected rodent excreta, saliva, and urine
40
What are the 3 phases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
Prodromal Cardiopulmonary Convalescent
41
What phase of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is the most fatal?
Cardiovascular phase
42
What medication may be beneficial in the early stages of a pt who is infected with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
Ribavirin
43
What is the causative agent of the Plague?
Yersinia Pestis
44
What is the vector of the Plague?
Rat Flea
45
What is the Bubonic Plague?
MC form Bite of infected flea and spreads through lymphatics to the nearest lymph node - replication leads to painful LAD (bubo), which then ulcerate and become suppurative sores
46
What is a clinical manifestation of Bubonic Plague?
Blood clots leading to arterial obstruction and acral gangrene = "black death"
47
What is the Pneumonic Plague?
Bacilli are inhaled - rapidly progresses - may occur secondary to bubonic plague
48
What is Septicemic Plague?
The infection enters the bloodstream, spreading hematogenously - sudden onset of febrile illness w/o bubo formation - highest mortality rate
49
What is the management of the Plague?
1st line: Streptomycin and Gentamicin - Alternatives: cipro, doxy, chloramphenicol - Post-exposure prophylaxis: cipro or doxy
50
What is the causative agent of Rabies?
Rhabdoviridae family
51
What are the reservoirs of Rabies?
Bats, dogs, raccoons, skunks, and foxes
52
What is the MC causative mammal that carries rabies that causes deaths in Africa vs US?
Africa: Dogs US: Bats
53
How is rabies transmitted?
MC: Canine to human | - Developing countries
54
What is some clinical manifestation of Rabies?
Hydrophobia: inability to drink Laryngeal spasm w/ drinking Hypersalivation (foaming at the mouth) Progression to coma and death
55
What are the two types of clinical manifestations seen in rabies?
``` Furious rabies (MC) Paralytic ```
56
What are some S/Sx of furious rabies?
``` Hyperactivity Disorientation Agitation Hallucination Aggressive/bizarre behavior ```
57
What are some S/Sx of paralytic rabies?
``` Lethargy Loss of coordination Confusion Stupor Ascending paralysis ```
58
What histological diagnostic finding is seen in a pt who is infected with rabies?
Negri bodies
59
What is the causative agent of cat scratch disease?
Bartonella Henselae
60
How is cat scratch disease transmitted?
Transmitted to cats via flea bites, then transmitted to humans by bite or scratch
61
What are some clinical manifestations of cat scratch disease?
Linear papules and nodules Parinauds oculoglandular syndrome Peliosis hepatitis Bacillary angiomatosis
62
What is the tx of cat scratch disease?
Azithromycin - 1st choice | Alternatives: Rifampin, TMP-SMX, Cipro, Doxy
63
What is another causative agent that is spread by cats and dog bits?
Pasteurella multocida
64
What is seen Pasteurella multocida in laboratory studies?
Encapsulated gram-negative rod
65
What is the tx of Pasteurella multocida?
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate - tx of choice | - Bitten by cats are also given ampicillin
66
What is the causative agent of Chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
67
What is the vector of Chagas disease?
Triatomine bugs
68
What are some acute manifestations of Chagas disease?
Chagoma: localized erythema and edema where parasite entered | Romana sign: painless palpebral edema and conjunctivitis
69
What is the intermediate phase of Chagas disease?
Latency/Asymptomatic phase
70
What are some chronic manifestations of Chagas disease?
``` Dilated cardiomyopathy Megaesophagus Achalasia Megacolon Neuritis ```
71
Chagas disease clinical manifestion usually occurs d/t a pt that has recent traveled to?
Costa Rica - endemic area
72
What is the tx of Chagas disease?
Benznidazole and Nifurtimox
73
What is the causative agent of Psittacosis?
``` Chlamydia psittaci (AKA parrot fever) - reservor: birds ```
74
How is Psittacosis transmitted?
Inhalation of aerosolized feces of certain birds | - more common in young - middle-aged adults
75
What is a unique clinical manifestation of Psittacosis?
Photophobia
76
What is the tx of Psittacosis?
Doxy or Tetra | 2nd line: azithromycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol
77
What is the causative agent of Brucellosis?
Brucella species
78
How is Brucellosis transmitted?
Exposure to infectious fluids from animals or food products | raw milk, unpasteurized, cheese
79
What is the MC clinical manifestation of Brucellosis?
Bone and joint involvement
80
What is tx for Brucellosis?
Doxy + Streptomycin | Alternatives: Cipro + Doxy or Rifampin

Infectious Disease 2 (6 decks)

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