Parasitology Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Single celled parasites name
A
Protozoa
2
Q
4 types of protozoa
A
- Amoebas
- Flagellates
- Ciliates
- Sporozoans
3
Q
Multicelled parasites name?
A
Metazoa
4
Q
2 types of metazoa
A
Nemathelminths
Platyhelminths
5
Q
Roundworms name
A
Nematodes
6
Q
Flatworms name
A
Cestodes
7
Q
Flukes name
A
Trematodes
8
Q
Do protozoans have cell wall?
Chloroplasts?
A
No
No
9
Q
Protozoans can exist in what two forms:
A
Trophozoite (feeding)
Cyst (resting)
10
Q
Common mode of protozoan reproduction?
A
Binary fission
11
Q
What type of replication occurs in definitive host only?
A
Sexual
12
Q
Amoebas use what to move?
A
Pseudopodia
13
Q
Example of amoeba:
A
Etamoeba histolytica
14
Q
Flagellates use what to move?
A
Flagella
15
Q
Example of flagellate 4
A
Giardia intestinalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
16
Q
Ciliates use what to move
A
Cilia
17
Q
Sporozoans use what to move
A
Flagella and pseudopodia
18
Q
What is usually protozoan reproduction?
Exception
A
Binary fission
Sporozoans can do sexual
19
Q
Sporozoans live where?
A
Intracellularly
20
Q
which worms have male and female sexes?
A
Nematodes/Round worms
21
Q
Definitive Host of a worm is what
A
Place where adult worms and sexual reproduction occurs
22
Q
which worms may have digestive tracts
A
Roundworms and Flukes
NOT tapeworms
23
Q
Which worms have hooks
A
tapeworms
24
Q
Which worms have suckers
A
Tapeworms and flukes
25
Parts of cestode?
1. Scolex
| 2. Strobila made of proglottids and gravid proglottids
26
Giardia appearance?
Path:
Disease:
Prevent:
Smiling face flagellate
Fecal/oral --> Binary in SI --> Destroy villi --> Cysts in feces
Giardiasis = Malabsorptive diarrhea with sulfur burps
27
Coccidia class of protozoa?
Path:
Disease:
Treatment:
Sporozoan
Fecal oral --> disrupt epithelial --> Shed in feces
Coccidiosis: Watery diarrhea
Nitazoxanide
28
Balantidium class
Path
Disease
Treatment:
Ciliate
Fecal oral --> Colon --> Shed in feces
Balantidiasis: Mild diarrhea
Tetracycline or metronidzaole
29
```
Entamoeba histolytica class
Path:
Special manifestation:
Disease it causes:
Treatment:
```
Amoeba
Fecal/oral --> Colon --> Brain
Flask shaped bleeding ulcers
30
Naegleria normally found in GI?
Transmission:
Manifestation:
Treatment
No
Warm freshwater up nose
Encephalitis and meningitis
Metronidazole
31
Acathamoeba normally foundin GI?
Transmission:
Manifestation:
Treatment:
No
COntact lens
Infection of eye
Metronidazole
32
Trichuris class?
Path:
Clinical manifestation: 2
Treatment:
Nematode
Ingest eggs --> larva in SI --> Adults in colon --> Eggs in feces
Bloody dysentery, tenesmus
Invermectin
33
Ascaris class
Path:
Disease:
Treatment
Roundworm, geohelminth
Fecal oral eggs --> Larva throughout upper chest --> Cough up larvae and swallow --> Adults in GI --> Eggs in feces
Ascariasis: Cough, asthma, biliary or colon obstruction
Invermectin
34
Hookworms class
Path:
Symptom:
Prevention and treatment
Roundworm
Larvae penetrate feet --> Get to lungs and trachea --> Swallow down to SI --> Eggs in feces
Ground itch and anemia
Sanitation and invermectin
35
```
Strongyloides is what class?
Path
Disease 2
Treatment
What is found in stool
```
```
Roundworm
Larvae penetrate skin --> lungs --> Swallowed --> Embed in SI --> Live larva passed in feces --> f
Strongyloidiasis: Diarrhea and sepsis
Invermectin
Larva
```
36
What parasites mainly cause diarrhea 3
1. Giarrdia
2. Coccidian infections
3. Balantidium
37
Dysentery parasitic causes 2
Trichuris
| Amoebae
38
Non GI amoeboe to know (2)
1. Naegleria: Brain
| 2. Acanthamoeba: Eye
39
Assorted bowel trouble caused by what roundworms
1. Ascaris
2. Hookworms
3. Strongyloides
4. Enterobius/pinworms
5. Anasakis
40
```
Enterobius/pinworms is what class
Path
Sympstoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
```
Roundworm
Ingest eggs --> adult worms in rectum --> Crawl out and lay eggs in perianal --> Child scratches --> Fecal oral
Pruritis ani
Scotch tape test
Invermectin
41
Anasakis is what class
Path:
Symptoms (2)
Treatment
Roundworm
Eat sushi --> Worm penetrates mucosa --> Dies but causes allergic response
GI upset and eosinophilic granulomas
Invermectin
42
```
Cestodes locations
Diphyllobothrium
Diplyidium
Hymenolepsis
Taenia
Echinococcus
```
```
Diphyll = Fish
Diply = Dog
Hymeno = Rodent/arthropod
Taenia = Beef/pork
Echinococcus = Dog
```
43
Prototype cestode has how many hosts?
| How many stages?
2
| 2
44
Reproductive segments of cestodes are called
Proglottids
45
Extralumenal tapeworms include what two?
Taenia --> Cysticercosis
| Echinococcus --> Hydatid
46
Main symptoms of tapeworm infeciton (3)
1. Diarrhea
2. Malabsorption
3. Proglottid escape
47
Path of cystericercosis:
| What does is cause heavily in endemic countries
Humans ingests taenia eggs --> Larvae go all over body and cause cysts
Neurocysticercosis --> Seizures in endemic countries
48
Path of hydatid disease
| Most patient have what symptom
Human ingests eggs --> larvae spread all over body to cause cysts
Most people are highly allergic to it so very symptomatic
49
Prevention of cestode infections:
| Treatment:
Prevent fecal oral route through sanitation
| Praziquantel
50
Most cystericera have what symptom
Asymptomatic
51
Main treatment for cestodes
Praziquantel
52
Hepatobiliary parasitic causes (8)
1. Ascariasis
2. Amoebiasis
3. Hydatid disease
4. Flukes
5. Larval migrans
6. Leishmaniasis
7. Toxoplasmosis
8. Malaria
53
Trematodes are divided into what 4 types?
```
Biliary = Fasciola
Liver = Clonorchis
Mesenteric = Schisto
Lung = Paragonimus
```
54
Biliary and liver flukes path:
Common symptoms (6)
Treatment
Snails ingest eggs --> Leave larvae for fish to eat --> Human eats fish --> larvae goes to liver or bile duct
Asymptomatic, flu like, respiratory, ab pain, hepatomegaly, carcinoma
Praziquantel
55
Schistosomiasis path
Symptom in kids
Main symptoms (4)
Treatment
Snail --> larvae in freshwater penetrates human skin --> mesenteric --> eggs in feces back to water
Hepatosplenomegaly/Ascites
Colon polyps, hematuria, bladder cancer, swimmer's itch
Praziquantel
56
Paragonimius path
Symptoms 2
Treatment
Snails, crabs, shellfish --> Worms hatch in GI --> migrate to human lungs --> eggs in sputum/feces
Coughing up blood, lung masses
Praziquantel
57
Toxoplasmosis transmission 3
3 manifestations
Treatment
Contamianted meat, cat feces, congenital
Pseudocysts, Congenital TORCH infection, Change hosts behavior (psychoparasitism)
Pyremethamine
58
How did toxoplasmosis change women's behavior:
More interested in cat odors
| More easy going and less suspicious
59
How did toxoplasmosis change men's behavior
Less bound to social rules
| More suspicious and jealous
60
Trichomonas are transmitted how
| Mian symptom:
STD
| Vaginitis
61
```
Dracontiasis common name
Class
Transmission:
Symptom:
Control:
Treatment:
```
Guinea worm
Nematode
Water bugs with larvae --> Swallow water with bugs --> Larvae in intestine --> Go to lower limbs --> Bury out of legs to release in water
Painful lower limbs
Clean water
Pull out worms as they appear
62
Trichinosis class
Path:
Symptoms
Treatment (2)
Roundworm
Undercooked pork --> nurse cells in muscle
Inflammation and pain
Invermecitn + mebendazole
63
Larval migrans is what class
Transmission:
Two forms:
Related to what:
round worm
fecal oral from dogs and cat feces
Visceral and cutaneous
Pet addiction
64
Main treatment for roundworms
Invermectin
65
Main treatment for tapeworms and flukes
Praziquantel
66
Main treatment for amoebae
Metronidazole
67
Mebendazole function
Inhibits microtubule polymerization
68
Pyrantel mechanism
Releases acetylcholine --> paralyzes worms
69
Invermectin mechanism
Binds glutamate-gated chloride channel --> Deactivates channel but changes chloride leves and messing with GABA
70
Praziquantel mechanism (2)
Increase permeability to calcium
| Interferes with adenosine uptake
71
Mechanism of metronidazole
Strand breaks in DNA
