Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MICRO > Ch2: Skin, Musculoskeletal, Blood and Lymph Part I > Flashcards

Ch2: Skin, Musculoskeletal, Blood and Lymph Part I Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Borrelia?

A

Extracellular, irregularly, loosely coiled spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 infections caused by Borrelia?
Reservoir for each?
Vector for each?

A

Relapsing Fever Epidemic: Humans (Body Louse)

Relapsing fever endemic: Rodents, soft ticks (Soft ticks)

Lyme disease: Rodents, deer, pets, hard ticks (Hard ticks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does borrelia show up in waves in blood smears over time?
Clinically how do this present?

A

Antigenic variation

Relapsing fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Both types of relapsing fever have what symptoms? (5)

A
  1. Acute onset of high fever with rigors
  2. Severe headache
  3. Myalgias
  4. Arthralgias
  5. Lethargy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of borrelia hermsii is done how?

Specifically how? 2

A

Identification of spirochetes in blood smears

  1. Look for outer membrane with flagella in periplasmic space
  2. Corkscrew motion of flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If Borrelia hermsii stains at all in gram stain, how will it stain?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Control for borrelia?

A

Avoid habitat of the vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment of borrelia hermsii? (4)

A
  1. Tetracycline (#1)
  2. Chloramphenicol
  3. Doxycycline
  4. Erythromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) is different from B. hermsii how?

A

Smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reservoirs for B. burgdorferi? (3)

A

Deers
Deer mice
Birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vector for B. burgdorferi?

A

Deer tick/Hard tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What form of ticks is small, overloked and feeds on many types of animals?

A

Nymphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The longer the tick is attached, the better what is?

A

Chance of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who engorge faster, nymphs or adults?

A

Nymphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who has a painless bite, adults or nymphs?

A

Nymphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nymphs are prevalent during what months?

A

Spring and summer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the steps for tick transmission?

A
  1. Engorge slowly

2. Transmit afterawhile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 stages of b. burgdorferi disease/lyme disease?

A

Stage 1: Acute lyme disease
Stage 2: Chronic lyme disease
Stage 3: Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute lyme disease/stage1 has what two components? 2

A
  1. Target shaped rash: Erythema migrans

2. Flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long does erythema migrans last?

A

A week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic lyme disease has what manifestations? 3

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Neurologic
  3. Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The stage 3 arthritis is due to what?

A

Immune complex mediated Hypersensitivity Type III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Laboratory diagnosis has what 3 parts?

A
  1. Characteristic symptoms
  2. Exposure in endemic area
  3. Positive Ab response to B. burgdorferi OR Erythema migrans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you culture B. burgdorferi in to determine diagnosis?

A

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is PCR used in diagnosing B. burgdorferi?
Detect in joint fluid
26
What is most important feature in diagnosig b. burgdorferi?
Antibody positive test
27
Control and treatment for borrelia burgdorferi? (4) | Most important?
1. Doxycycline: Most important 2. Amoxicillin 3. Erythromycin 4. Ceftriaxone: later manifestations
28
Rickettsia species is what size? Gram stain result? Shape?
Small Gram negative Coccobacilli
29
What metabolic feature is unique to Rickettsia?
Unique transport systems for NAD and ATP
30
What can some species of Rickettsia polymerize?
Actin
31
Are all Rickettsia zoonoses? | Exception?
Yes Rickettsia prowazekii
32
Are all Rickettsia vector borne?
Yes: Lice, ticks, fleas, mites
33
Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by what? Vector? Reservoir?
R. rickettsii Tick Tick and wild rodents
34
Rickettsialpox is caused by what? Vector? Reservoir?
R. akari Mites Mites and wild rodents
35
Scrub typhus is caused by what? Vector? Reservoir?
O. tsutsugamushi Mite Mites and wild rodents
36
Epidemic typhus is caused by what? Vector? Reservoir?
R. prowazekii Louse Humans, squirrel fleas, flying squirrels
37
Murine endemic typhus is caused by what? Vector? Reservoir?
R. typhi Fleas Wild rodents
38
All Rickettsia preferentially infect and replicate within what? How does this show up?
Endothelial cells lining small blood vessels Vascular leakage and red dots
39
Clinical manifestations of Rickettsia result from what?
Infection of endothelial cells --> Vasculitis (Primary reason for signs)
40
What determines symptoms of Rickettsia? | What is prominent in all? 2
Organs involved Skin rashes Pneumonia is common
41
When does Rickettsia typically turn deadly?
After getting pneumonia
42
Laboratory diagnosis of Rickettsia? 5 | Which is most common?
1. Culture embryonated eggs or tissue culture 2. Immuno staining of tissue samples for Rickettsia antigens 3. Serology: Most common 4. PCR 5. Stain with Giemsa or Gimenez stain
43
Control of Rickettsia?
Limiting exposure (avoid the vector habitat)
44
Treatment of Rickettsia?
Tetracyclines
45
What are the four members of the spotted fever group of Rickettsia? Species with each?
Rocky mountain spotted fever: R. rickettsii Mediterranean spotted fever: Rickettsia conorii Rickettsialpox: Rickettsia akari Others: R. sibirica, australis, japnoica
46
What symptom dominates in spotted fever group?
Rash
47
The members of the typhus group of Rickettsia? 2 | Species for each
Epidemic typhus: R. prowazekii | Endemic murine typhus: Rickettsia typhi
48
What symptom dominates typhus group?
Fever
49
R. Rickettsii can polymerize what? | Allows it to do what?
Actin Move intracellularly from cell to cell
50
Reservoirs of r. Rickettsia? | Vectors?
Wild rodents Ticks (Dermacentor species) Wood ticks, dog ticks
51
Rocky mountain spotted fever is seen most where? (2)
1. Eastern seaboard | 2. SE USA
52
Describe the rash in R. Rickettsia?
Hemorrhagic rash starting with palms and soles and spreads centripetally (From extremities to torso)
53
What respiratory manifestation is seen commonly in R.Rickettsia causing death?
Pneumonia
54
In Classic RMSF, death occurs when?
7 to 15 untreated days after onset of symptoms
55
In fulminant (fast) RMSF, death occurs when?
First 5 days
56
What is the reservoir for rickettsia akari? | What is the vector?
House mouse Mite ectoparasite
57
Human disease caused by rickettsia akari? Similar to what? Is it fatal? What is the triad of symptoms in r. akari?
Rickettsial pox Chicken pox Not fatal Fever, Rash, Eschar
58
Diagnosis and treatment for r. akari?
Same as other rickettsia (Tetracycline)
59
Ricketssia prowazekii has what reservoir? 2 | Vector for humans? (2)
Humans and Flying squirrels | Human head and body louse
60
How does ricketssia prowazekii get into blood stream?
Louse gets on human skin --> Rickettsiae shed in louse feces --> Human scratches
61
Human disease from rickettsia prowazekii?
Epidemic typhus
62
Two main symptoms of epidemic typhus?
1. Skin rash of macules that disappear on pressure and maculopapules with petechiae that do NOT involve face, palms, or soles and spreads centrifugally (Torso --> Outward) 2. Pneumonia: Fatal
63
What is the recurrent form of epidemic typhus called?
Brill-Zinsser disease
64
Laboratory diagnosis for epidemic typhus is what? | And when is this detected?
Detection of a 4X rise in Ab titer in convalescence | Second week of illness
65
Rickettsia typhi Reservoir? Vector? Human disease name?
Rats Rat fleas Endemic murine typhus
66
How does r. typhi caused endemic typhus compare to epidemic typhus?
Similar but not as severe
67
Diagnosis and treatment for R. typhi?
Same as R. prowazekii
68
What causes scrub typhus?
Orientia tsutsugamushi
69
Orientia tsutsugamushi Size and shape? Gram stain? Type of metabolism?
Small coccobacillus Gram negative
70
Orientia tsutsugamushi Reservoir? Vector? Habitat of vector
Rodents Chiggers Scrub

MICRO (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions