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DWT > Parasitology Introduction > Flashcards

Parasitology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite- wide definition?

A

Live in or on another living organism (host), obtaining part or all of its nutrients from host

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2
Q

What is a parasite- Narrow definition?

A
  • Cause harm to the host
  • Some degree of adaptive structural modification
  • Parasites only include those organisms that are eukaryotes
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3
Q

What domain of life does the narrow definition put a parasite in?

A

Eukaryote

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4
Q

What the four main groups of veterinary pathology?

A
  • Protozoa
  • Arthropods
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Nematoda
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5
Q

Examples of protozoa

A
  • Giardia
  • Trypanosomes
  • Coccidia
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6
Q

Example of Arthropods

A
  • Ticks
  • mites
  • fleas
  • Mosquitoes
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7
Q

Example of Platyhelminthes

A
  • Tapeworms
  • Flukes
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8
Q

Example of Nematoda

A
  • Roundworms
  • Heartworm
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9
Q

Two types of lifecycles

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
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10
Q

What classifies parasite life cycle?

A

Dependent upon number of hosts needed to complete the lifecycle

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11
Q

Direct life cycle?

A

One host

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12
Q

Indirect life cycle?

A

Two or more hosts

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13
Q

What are the three classifications of hosts?

A
  • Definitive
  • Intermediate
  • Paratenic
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14
Q

What is a definitive host?

A

Host in which sexual reproduction takes place

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15
Q

What is another name for definitive host?

A

Final host

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16
Q

What is an intermediate host?

A

Host in which only immature stages grow and develop. May or may not occur asexual reproduction

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17
Q

What a paratenic host?

A

Host not required to complete the life cycles but helps the parasite get to another host

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18
Q

What is another name for a paratenic host?

A

Transport host

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19
Q

What is a normal host?

A

animal recognized as part of the normal parasite life cycle

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20
Q

What is an abnormal host?

A
  • Animal who is not normally used as a host
  • dead-end
  • Animal could be an abnormal definitive, intermediate or transport host, depending on which stage of the parasite life cycle is present
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21
Q

Does being an abnormal host always lead to disease?

A

Often does cause dx but not always

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22
Q

What is a reservior?

A

host that serves as a source of infection for other animals (carrier)

23
Q

What is a vector

A
  • invertebrate usually arthropod
  • Transmits infectious disease
    -Biological or mechanical
24
Q

What is a biological vector?

A

Parasite that replicates in vector

25
Q

What is a mechanical vector?

A

A carrier of parasite

26
Q

What is an endoparasite?

A

Internal parasite (In host)

27
Q

What is an ectoparasite

A

External parasite (on host)

28
Q

What is an infection?

A

Having an endoparasite

29
Q

What is an infestation?

A

having an ectoparasite

30
Q

Words that describe reproductive behavior in the final (definitive) host

A

Microparasite
Macroparasites

31
Q

Microparasite reproductive behavior

A

Multiply inside the host

32
Q

Macroparasite reproductive behavior

A

Do Not Multiply- mate and release eggs into the environment

33
Q

What does it mean to be infectious?

A

Capable of being communicated by infection

34
Q

What does it mean to be infective?

A

Parasite stage capable of infecting the host. Usually only one stage for each parasite and may not occur until after some development of the parasite.

35
Q

Prepatent period

A

Term for internal parasites; The time required following infection of the definitive host to reach reproductive maturity.

36
Q

What is generation time?

A

time it takes to get from egg to producing egg.

37
Q

What is patency?

A

adult reproductive infection

38
Q

What are the stages in the prepatent period?

A
  • Infection
  • Maturity
  • Sexual reproduction
39
Q

what are the stages of patency?

A
  • Sexual reproduction
  • Infective stage development
  • Infection
40
Q

What are the determinants of the host-parasite relationship outcome?

A
  • Infection/infestation vs disease
  • Parasite usually requires appropriate stimulus and receptors
  • Host response: innate and adaptive immunity
  • Normal immunity typically limits, but does not eliminate infection
41
Q

Does infection/infestation always lead to disease?

A

No

42
Q

Pathogenesis

A

The mechanism of the parasite creating a disease

43
Q

What are the three factor pathogenesis depends on?

A
  1. The status of the host immune defenses
  2. Number of parasites presents (virulence)
  3. Pathogenicity of those parasites
44
Q

What are the pathological results from a parasitic infection?

A
  • Parasite induced trauma to cells
  • Changes in cellular growth patterns
  • Interference with host nutrient acquisition
  • toxins released by parasites
  • host immune response to infection
45
Q

Consequences of high numbers of macroparasites

A

Very uncomfortable –> death

46
Q

Parasite population in animals are ____

A

Aggregated

47
Q

Causes to variation in host susceptibility

A
  • Temporary factors: age, concurrent disease, nutrition
  • Genetic difference
48
Q

70-30 rule

A
49
Q

What is the veterinarians role in parasitology?

A
  • Understand infection significance
  • Prevention of infection
  • Integrated parasite management
  • Diagnosis and treatment
50
Q

Factors contributing of diagnosis of parasites

A
  • Morphologic
  • Immunologic
  • Molecular tests
51
Q

Morphologic factors of parasite diagnosis

A
  • Microscopic examination of blood, tissue, feces
  • Gross inspection of tissues/feces
  • Remains most common way to detect parasites, especially multicellular parasites
52
Q

Immunologic testing for parasites

A

Antigen or antibody tests: used mostly with protozoan

53
Q

Molecular testing for parastie

A

PCR

54
Q

Poor baby rule

A

DWT (28 decks)

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