Parenting

Question 0

Why should physical punishment like spanking never be used in infancy?

Answer 0

Infants are at a increased risk for physical injury from spanking and cannot make the connection between the spanking and the undesirable behavior

Question 1

Primary goal in discipline of newborn and infants

Answer 1

Teach infant limits

Question 2

What is appropriate discipline in infants

Answer 2

Providing a safe environment, redirection away from undesirable behavior, and saying “no” in appropriate circumstances

Question 3

Why is immediacy important in infancy

Answer 3

The infant cannot make connections between a subsequent punishment or discussion of behavior with earlier event itself

Question 4

When can time out be used effectively

Answer 4

2.5-3 years of age

Question 5

With what age is extinction a useful technique

Answer 5

2-3 year olds

Question 6

What does extinction involve

Answer 6

Systemic ignoring of the undesired behavior

Question 7

Should toddlers be made to share?

Answer 7

No, this is a concept they don’t understand

Question 8

What psychosocial stage are newborn/infants in

Answer 8

Eriksons trust vs mistrust

Question 9

What cognitive stage are newborn/infants in

Answer 9

Piaget's Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) 
Objective performance (begins to develop between 4-7 months and solidifies at approximately 8 months)

Question 10

When does objective performance begin? When does is solidify?

Answer 10

Begins to develop between 4-7 months and solidifies at approximately 8 months

Question 11

What social/ emotional stage are newborn/infants in

Answer 11

Interaction with caregiver, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety

Question 12

How do you promote growth and development in newborn/infant

Answer 12

Play, early learning, safety, nutrition, sleep/rest, healthy teeth and gums, potential concerns: colic, spitting up, thumb-sucking or pacifiers or security items

Question 13

What psychosocial stage is a toddler in

Answer 13

Eriksons Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Question 14

What cognitive stage are toddlers in

Answer 14

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years) or Piaget’s pre-operational (between 2-7)

Question 15

What are moral/spiritual aspects with toddler

Answer 15

May find comfort in prayer routine and bible reading but understanding may be limited

Question 16

Social and emotional aspects with toddler

Answer 16

Separation, individualism, egocentrism “me-do” “mine”

Question 17

How do you promote growth and development in a toddler

Answer 17

Play, early learning, safety, nutrition, sleep and rest, healthy teeth and gums, potential concerns: toilet training, negativism, temper tantrum, thumb sucking and pacifiers, sibling rivalry, regression

Question 18

What psychosocial stage are preschoolers in

Answer 18

Eriksons Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 19

What cognitive stage are preschoolers in

Answer 19

Piaget’s pre-operational thought continues, magical thinking, imaginary friend

Question 20

What moral and spiritual stage are preschoolers in

Answer 20

Kohlberg’s pre-conventional morality (2-7) and punishment-obedience orientation

Question 21

Social and emotional aspects in preschooler

Answer 21

Sense of identity, begin to differentiate gender, begin to interact “play” with each other, may show stranger anxiety

Question 22

How do you promote growth and development in a preschooler

Answer 22

Play, early learning, language development, kindergarten readiness, safety, nutrition, sleep and rest, healthy teeth and gums, potential concerns: lying, sex education, masturbation

Question 23

What psychosocial stage are school-age children in

Answer 23

Eriksons Industry vs. inferiority

Question 24

What cognitive stage are school age children in

Answer 24

Piaget's concrete operations | Capable of logical thought process

Question 25

What age are kids that are capable of logical thought process

Answer 25

School age

Question 26

What moral and spiritual stage are school age kids in

Answer 26

Kohlberg's pre-conventional (age 4-8) and Conventional (ages 9-12) : concrete terms, avid learners, concepts of heaven hell, comforted by prayers/rituals

Question 27

Social/Emotional aspect of school-age kids

Answer 27

Self-Esteem, body image, school age fears, peer relationships, influences of family, school, and teacher: sense of personal competence, increased independence, less egocentric

Question 28

How do you promote growth and development in school school age kids

Answer 28

Play, learning, safety, nutrition, sleep and rest, healthy gums and teeth, potential concerns: TV and video games, school phobia, latchkey children, stealing, lying, cheating, bullying, tobacco and alcohol education

Question 29

What psychosocial stage are adolescents in

Answer 29

Eriksons Identity vs. Role confusion

Question 30

What cognitive stage are adolescents in

Answer 30

Piaget's formal operations

Question 31

Moral and spiritual concerns in adolescents

Answer 31

Kohlberg's post conventional level 3

Question 32

Social and emotional concerns in adolescents

Answer 32

Relationships with parents, self concept, body image, importance of peers, sexuality and dating

Question 33

How do you promote growth and development in adolescents

Answer 33

Sports and physical fitness, learning, clubs or organized activities, safety, nutrition, sleep and rest, healthy teeth and gums, personal care, potential concerns: violence, substance abuse

Question 34

Who has intense relationships with same sex friends

Answer 34

Early adolescence (11-13)

Question 35

Who takes risk taking behaviors

Answer 35

Middle adolescence (14-17)

Question 36

Milestone with late adolescence

Answer 36

Ability to compromise and set limits | 18-20 years old

Question 37

Issue with early adolescents

Answer 37

Lack of impulse control | 11-13 years old

Question 38

When is peak of parental conflicts

Answer 38

Middle adolescence (14-17)

Question 39

What what ages do parental fears spike

Answer 39

Newborn, toddlers, adolescents

Question 40

Why is anticipatory guidance important

Answer 40

Because general population don't go to doctor for parenting issues early on

Question 41

Educating parents and caregivers what to expect in the next stage of development

Answer 41

Anticipatory development

Question 42

Excessive consumption of food

Answer 42

Binge eating

Question 43

What is the difference between a nightmare and night terrors

Answer 43

After a nightmare a child is aroused and interactive. With a night terror short time after falling asleep the child seems to awaken but are not actually awake and you can't wake them and they are screaming.

Question 44

A child is awakened from REM sleep

Answer 44

Nightmare

Question 45

When should you discuss a nightmare with a child

Answer 45

During daytime!

Question 46

Should you dismiss a child's nightmare?

Answer 46

No you should accept their fear

Question 47

Does child usually remember what initial scare was with night terror?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

When do night terrors after occur

Answer 48

20-90 minutes after sleep onset

Question 49

Partial awakening from non-REM sleep

Answer 49

Night terrors

Question 50

What autonomic signs of night terrors

Answer 50

Rapid pulse, increased respirations, glassy look, yell or cry for 5-20 minutes

Question 51

What age do night terrors occur in

Answer 51

May occur as early as 9 months, peak 3-5 years

Question 52

Should you run in room and scream and shake a child having a night terror

Answer 52

NO! They do not awaken

Question 53

What may contribute to night terrors

Answer 53

Sleep deprivation

Question 54

What will happen if the parent is really stressed

Answer 54

The child will be really stressed

Question 55

Childhood fears are a _____ part of childhood

Answer 55

Normal

Question 56

Are childhood fears more common in girls or boys

Answer 56

Girls

Question 57

What is a action by the parents that may make childhood fears worse

Answer 57

If parents are fearful or anxious

Question 58

Common childhood fear in 1-2 year old

Answer 58

Falling, separation, toilets, animals

Question 59

Common childhood fear in 2-3 year old

Answer 59

Loud noises

Question 60

Common childhood fear in 2-6 year old

Answer 60

Darkness

Question 61

Common childhood fear in 3-5 year old

Answer 61

Monsters/ghosts

Question 62

Common childhood fear in 9 year old

Answer 62

New situations

Question 63

Common childhood fear in 10-12 year olds

Answer 63

War

Question 64

Common childhood fear in 12 year old

Answer 64

Burglars

Question 65

What should management of childhood fears be?

Answer 65

Reassure and educate parents, parents should respect child's fears, try not to overreact or dismiss fears, plan discussion about fears, cause, and solution

Question 66

Is stranger anxiety normal

Answer 66

Yes it is a normal part of cognitive growth

Question 67

Stranger anxiety is rooted in

Answer 67

Object performance

Question 68

What is stranger anxiety influenced by

Answer 68

Temperament, presence of illness or fatigue, way stranger approaches them

Question 69

When does stranger anxiety peak?

Answer 69

8 months

Question 70

When is stranger anxiety usually gone

Answer 70

2.5-3 years

Question 71

When is second peak of stranger anxiety

Answer 71

18-20 months

Question 72

When can stranger anxiety begin to appear

Answer 72

3-9 months

Question 73

Management of stranger anxiety

Answer 73

Educate parents, do not "sneak away", transitional objects, anticipate prolonged response/regression with major changes in routine

Question 74

What is refusal to attend school called

Answer 74

School phobia

Question 75

Are kids with school phobia sneaking staying home and not telling parents?

Answer 75

No, they stay home with parents knowledge. They just get severe emotional upset when in school

Question 76

Management of school phobia

Answer 76

Support parents, notify school personnel, assess home situation, possible referral to psychiatric care if it keeps going on

Question 77

How do temper tantrums result

Answer 77

Overwhelming frustrations

Question 78

When do you usually see temper tantrums

Answer 78

Toddlerhood

Question 79

What are characteristics of temper tantrums

Answer 79

Screaming, crying, and foot stomping

Question 80

What influence temper tantrums?

Answer 80

May be influenced by fatigue, overcrowding, stress, parental depression

Question 81

Temper tantrums may occur WEEKLY in ___-____% of toddlers

Answer 81

50-80%

Question 82

What is the goal of managing temper tantrums

Answer 82

Reinforce child's control and calm---- try to ignore!

Question 83

What does giving into negative behavior do to a temper tantrum

Answer 83

Reinforces it. | If you say you are going to take something away you have to take it away

Question 84

What should you encourage parents to have before a temper tantrum

Answer 84

Have a plan!

Question 85

What are three types of disciplinary methods

Answer 85

Authoritarian type, communication approach, behavior modification approach

Question 86

What should you focus on with discipline strategies

Answer 86

Focus on behavior, not the child

Question 87

If you are going to use time out for discipline how do you know how long to out the child in time out

Answer 87

1 minute per age in years

Question 88

What type of punishment is linked to physical abuse

Answer 88

Corporal punishment

Question 89

What are parental risk factors for child abuse

Answer 89

Poverty, history of abuse, social isolation, young parent, unrealistic developmental expectations, poor impulse control, substance abuse, mental illness, parent stress

Question 90

Risk factors children have that may cause abuse

Answer 90

Prematurity, developmental delays, cognitive anomalies, behavioral problems, childhood stress

Question 91

When does sibling rivalry peak

Answer 91

Between 1-3 years

Question 92

What may make sibling rivalry more intense

Answer 92

If siblings are close in age and the same sex

Question 93

What are management strategies of sibling rivalry

Answer 93

Educate parent, prepare child for birth of baby, sharing and private space may be an issue, children will pattern behavior after parents, encourage children to settle own disagreements

Question 94

Should parents allow siblings to agree in a public place

Answer 94

NO, not appropriate

Question 95

When should a parent intervene with sibling rivalry argument

Answer 95

Only if agreement becomes too loud or physical

Question 96

When is toilet training usually completed by

Answer 96

Usually by 4

Question 97

Who tends to toilet train earlier boys or girls?

Answer 97

Girls

Question 98

____% Primary enuresis by age 4

Answer 98

40%

Question 99

____% Primary enuresis by age 5

Answer 99

30%

Question 100

What physical skills need to be present for toilet readiness

Answer 100

Voluntary sphincter control, stays dry for 2 hours, wakes up dry from nap, able to sit, walk, squat, can pull pants up and down

Question 101

What interpersonal skills need to be present for toilet readiness

Answer 101

Desire to please and to be dry, curiosity about the toilet, not telling you no about everything

Question 102

What cognitive skills need to be present for toilet readiness

Answer 102

Understands meaning of the work potty, follows directions, communicates needs

Question 103

What parental skills need to be present for toilet readiness

Answer 103

Desires to assist child with training, recognizes cues of child, no factors that may interfere

Question 104

Frequent well child visit schedule for infants

Answer 104

``` 14 days 30 days 2 months 4 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 15 months 18 months 24 months ```

Question 105

From 2 years on how often should child have a well doctors visit

Answer 105

Yearly

Question 106

What do most insurance change once a child turns 8

Answer 106

Only pay for well visits every 2 years

Question 107

What should kids drink

Answer 107

Only milk or water

Question 108

When should you begin brushing a child's teeth twice a day

Answer 108

12 months

Question 109

When should a child use fluoride toothpaste

Answer 109

Over 12 months

Question 110

Should get fluoride varnishes twice annually from what age

Answer 110

9 months-3years

Question 111

Who are thumbsucking and pacifiers more common in

Answer 111

Slightly more common in girls

Question 112

Should you restrict nonnutritive sucking in infancy and toddlers

Answer 112

No there is no need to restrict it

Question 113

What may happen if thumbsucking/pacifier continue beyond 4-6 years

Answer 113

Malocclusion-teeth don't come together

Question 114

When does thumbsucking/pacifier use peak?

Answer 114

18-20 months

Question 115

What are pacifiers linked to

Answer 115

Otitis media

Question 116

What is the traditional grandparent role

Answer 116

Supportive, assisting not taking parents place (part-time or limited), advising

Question 117

What is the Evolving grandparent role

Answer 117

Child care provider full time, primary custodial parent for the grandchild