Parenting Styles

Question 1

According to Baumrind what are the four aspects of family functioning?

Answer 1

• Warmth or nurturance
• Clarity and consistency of rules
• Levels of Expectations
• Communications between parent and child

Question 2

According to Baumrind what are the three parenting styles?

Answer 2

• Permissive
• Authoritative
• Authoritarian

Question 3

What two dimensions define the 4 parenting styles?

Answer 3

• Demandingness
• Responsiveness

Question 4

What are the 4 parenting styles?

Answer 4

• Authoritative
• Authoritarian
• Indulgent
• Uninvolved

Question 5

What is authoritative parenting?

Answer 5

High demanding and high responsive

Question 6

What is authoritarian parenting?

Answer 6

High demanding and Low responsive

Question 7

What is indulgent parenting?

Answer 7

Low demanding and high responsive

Question 8

What is uninvolved parenting?

Answer 8

Low demanding and low responsive

Question 9

What did Baumrind include to expand on the 4 parenting styles?

Answer 9

Neglectful

Question 10

What are mothers found to be?

Answer 10

• More accepting, responsive and supporting

Question 11

What are mothers behaviourally?

Answer 11

• Controlling, demanding and autonomy-granting

Question 12

What is “Autonomy granting”?

Answer 12

How much freedom a parent gives their child to make their own decisions, express their thoughts, and act independently within reasonable boundaries.

Question 13

What are fathers reported to be more of?

Answer 13

• Restrictive, coercive and harsher

Question 14

What do fathers show less than mothers?

Answer 14

Parental concern

Question 15

What do mothers tend to do?

Answer 15

A warmer type of parenting and more confrontive type of parental control

Question 16

What do Fathers tend to do?

Answer 16

Tend to exercise a more coercive type of parental control

Question 17

What did Frost find in 1991?

Answer 17

That in a sample of college women, perfectionism was associated with harsh parenting styles

Question 18

What did Rice et al find in his 1996 study?

Answer 18

That those with maladaptive perfectionistic styles described their parents as being more demanding and more critical than did those with more adaptive perfectionistic styles

Question 19

What has Agreeableness been positively associated with?

Answer 19

Positive support and inversely with negative controlling parenting.

Question 20

What has high levels of parental agreeableness been found to be associated with?

Answer 20

Increased coercion

Question 21

What is Increased Coercion?

Answer 21

A part of parenting that is known to be ineffective for eliciting lasting positive behaviour from children

Question 22

What does extraversion and agreeableness relate to?

Answer 22

Levels of supportiveness

Question 23

What are neurotic parents believed to be?

Answer 23

Less competent or capable of exerting authoritative parenting, whilst finding that neuroticism is related to less parental warmth.

Question 24

What is reduced emotional stability associated with?

Answer 24

More overreacting

Question 25

What do authoritative mothers have high scores in?

Answer 25

- Extraversion - Openness to experience - Conscientiousness And a low score in neuroticism

Question 26

What did authoritarian mothers have higher scores in?

Answer 26

- Neuroticism - Low scores in extroversion, agreeableness and openness

Question 27

What has authoritative parenting been associated with?

Answer 27

- Positive developmental outcomes in youth such as psychosocial competence and academic achievement

Question 28

What has findings regarding permissive/indulgent parenting found with?

Answer 28

- Inconsistent results yielding associations with internalising and externalising problem behaviour but also with social skills, self-confidence, self-understanding and active problem coping

Question 29

What has authoritarian parenting styles been associated with?

Answer 29

- Negative developmental outcomes such as aggression, delinquent behaviours, somatic complaints, depersonalisation and anxiety.

Question 30

What have children of neglectful parents shown?

Answer 30

Least favourable outcomes on multiple domains, such as lacking self-regulation and social responsibility, poor self-reliance and social competence, poor school competence, antisocial behaviour and delinquency, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints

Question 31

When comparing Chinese parents with American and canadian parents what is found?

Answer 31

Chinese parents are more restrictive, controlling or authoritarian and less affectionate, autonomy encouraging or authoritative

Question 32

What do Chinese mothers display?

Answer 32

Relatively higher rates of authoritarian behaviours than Canadian mothers

Question 33

What do Canadian mothers display?

Answer 33

Relatively higher rates of authoritative behaviours than Chinese mothers

Question 34

What do Malaysian parents promote?

Answer 34

Authoritarian parenting

Question 35

What did Spanish adolescents from permissive/indulgent parenting styles show?

Answer 35

That they had equal to or better scores in youth outcomes than their peers from authoritative style families