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EARTH SCIENCE > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

the study of the nature, structure, origin and fate of the universe

A

cosmology

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2
Q

the theory that states that there was an infinitely small, infinitely dense point that contained eveyrhting that is the universe

A

big bang theory

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3
Q

states that this singularity was incredibly dense and hot

A

big bang theory

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4
Q

when was the big bang theory proposed?

A

late 1920’s

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5
Q

when did the big bang theory occur?

A

10-15 billion years ago

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6
Q

how old is the universe?

A

13.7 billion years old

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7
Q

what two elements were created in the promordial fireball? along with?

A

hydrogen and helium & lithium and beryllium

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8
Q

known as the “Father of the Big Bang”

A

Geoges Henri Lemaitre

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9
Q

A Belgian Astronomer and Jesuit Priest

A

Geoges Henri Lemaitre

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10
Q

late 1920’s (person)

A

Geoges Henri Lemaitre

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11
Q

first suggested that the universe formed from a singularity but had NO EVIDENCE

A

Geoges Henri Lemaitre

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12
Q

1929 (person)

A

Edwin Hubble

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13
Q

studied light given off by galaxies (person)

A

Edwin Hubble

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14
Q

noticed that the light from most galaxies was shifted to the RED END of the electromacnetic spectrum

A

Edwin Hubble

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15
Q

proposed HUBBLE’S LAW after studying these galaxies

A

Edwin Hubble

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16
Q

the rated at which a galaxy is moving directly proportional to its distance from us (law)

A

Hubble’s Law

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17
Q

the father away a galaxy is from us, the faster it travels away from us

the universe is expanding

A

Hubble’s Law

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18
Q

all galaxies exhibits red shifts of spectral lines

A

Hubble’s Law

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19
Q

more distant galaxies reced faster

A

Hubble’s Law

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20
Q

long-wavelenth radiation that fills all space

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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21
Q

can be detected using special antenna

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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22
Q

1% of this can be detected in the static on your TV set

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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23
Q

in 1940, who predicted that there should be “echoes” of the Big Bang “explosion”

A

George Gamow

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24
Q

what does COBE mean?

A

Cosmic Background Explorer

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25
COBE's year
1989
26
it is the probe that looked 15 billion light years into space to detect tiny temperature changes
COBE
27
what was the evidence of the heat left over from the Big Bang? (COBE)
temperature changes
28
two radio astronomers (1965)
Amo Penzias and Robert Wilson
29
Where did the two radio astronomers work?
Bell Telephone Laboratories
30
found a mysterious microwave signal causing background noise in their radio telescope
Penzias and Wilson / Bell Telephone Laboratories
31
where did the signal come from? (Bell Laboratories)
everywhere :-)
32
who captured the "glow" of the big bang by detecting TEMPERATURE CHANGES just like COBE
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
33
which probe is more precise?
WMAP
34
what theory opposes the big bang theory
steady state theory
35
who proposed steady state theory in 1928
Hermann Bondi Thomas Gold Fred Hoyle
36
this theory states that the universe has always been essentially the same as it is today and that it will continue that way forever
steady state theory
37
what model demonstrates the density of galaxies falls as universe expands
big bang model
38
what model demonstrates the density of galaxies remains more or less constant as universe expands (spaces filled in by new galaxies
steady state theory
39
as matter moves apart, new matter is created to fill the gaps (theory)
steady state theory
40
Cosmic Background Radiation in the universe ruled out this Theory out
steady state theory
41
evidences of the big bang (3)
1. the expansion of the universe 2. the abundance of the light elements (H, He, Li) 3. the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation
42
edwin hubble's 1929 observation that galaxies were generally receding from us provided the first clue that the big bang theory might be right
1. the expansion of the universe
43
the big bang theory predicts that these light elements should have been fused from protons and neutrons in the first few minutes after the big bang
2. the abundance of light elements (H, He, Li)
44
the early universe should have been very hot. it is the remnant heat leftover from the big bang
the CMB radiation
45
limitations of the big bang (3)
1. sturcture in the universe 2. fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation 3. the inflationary universe
46
the big bang theory makes no attempt to explain how structures like stars and galaxies came to exist in the universe
1. structure in the universe
47
the temperature of the CMB is observed to vary slightly across the sky.
2. fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation
48
a very short, but especially rapid burst of growth in the very early universe ("inflation") provides an elegant, yet untested, explanation of the previos puzzles
3. the inflationary universe
49
what's the universe made of? (3)
1. Atoms - 4% 2. Cold Dark Matter - 22% 3. Dark Energy - 74%
50
this generally refers to "exotic" matter tht interacts only weakly with ordinary matter
dark matter
51
no such matter has ever directly observed in the laboratory
dark matter
52
this is a truly bizarre form of matter, or perhaps a property of the vacuum (large, negative pressure)-- repelling force
dark energy
53
the only form of matter that can cause the expansion of the universe to accelerate, or speed up
dark energy
54
according to WMAP, what's the percent of Atoms?
4.6%
55
according to WMAP, this matter, different from atoms, does not EMIT or ABSORB LIGHT
dark matter
56
according to WMAP, it has only been detected indirectly by its gravity
dark matter
57
according to WMAP, how much of dark energy is the universe composed
72%
58
according to WMAP, what acts as a sort of an anti-gravity
dark energy
59
according to WMAP, it is distinct from dark matter
dark energy
60
according to WMAP, it is responsible for the present-day acceleration of the universal expansion
dark energy
61
fates of the universe (4)
1. open universe 2. closed universe 3. flat universe 4. accelerating universe
62
little gravity that outward expansion goes on FOREVER
open universe
63
gravity will eventually halt the expansion and draw everything BIG CRUSH
closed universe
64
expansion slows down but never stops
flat universe
65
expansion of the universe will SPEED UP
accelerating universe
66
most accepted fates of the universe because of the dark energy
accelerating universe
67
it is defined as the distance that light travels in one earth year
light
68
how fast light travels
300,000 km/s or 186,000 mi/s

EARTH SCIENCE (9 decks)

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