Part 2: understanding participation in sport

Question 1

motivation is: anything that impels a person to ______

Answer 1

action

Question 2

what are the 3 behaviour that action is reflected in

Answer 2

1. selection/direction
2. intensity
3. persistence

Question 3

motivation is necessary but by its self its ___

Answer 3

not enough

Question 4

there are 6 different aspects of motivation what are they

Answer 4

1. achievement
2. intrinsic
3. extrinsic
4. exercise adherence
5. participation
6. drop-outs in sport

Question 5

what are the three models of motivation

Answer 5

1. person-centred
2. situation-centered
3. interaction

Question 6

what approach is better over time carrot psych or stick psych
and why

Answer 6

carrot - giving them what they want

Question 7

what is the key part of achievement motivation

Answer 7

needs to have specific goal

Question 8

in sport what is achievement motivation popularly called

Answer 8

competitiveness

Question 9

what are 3 things that measuring achievement motivations uses

Answer 9

1. direction
2. intensity
3. persistence

Question 10

what is persistence

Answer 10

coming back to training even if you lose
direaction + intensity/ time

Question 11

what are 2 reasons why people study achievement motivation

Answer 11

1. individual diff in achievement motivation affect participation and performance in sport/exercise
2. achievement motivation is the basis of competitiveness

Question 12

what are attributions

Answer 12

reasons individuals give for their success or failure

Question 13

what people attribute their performance to is the _____ _____ of their performance

Answer 13

perceived cause

Question 14

how is personality measured

Answer 14

through traits and states

Question 15

you can measure personality through traits and states but what is able to predict behaviour more reliable

Answer 15

situation-specific

Question 16

what are the 3 categories of attributions

Answer 16

1. stability
2. Causality
3. Control

Question 17

how do attributions affect achievement behaviour

Answer 17

1. future motivation
2. emotions
3. high/low achievers have different attributions - account for difference in achievement behaviour

Question 18

what are the 3 different achievement goal orientations

Answer 18

1. task orientation
2. ego/outcome orientation
3. social approval orientation

Question 19

goal orientation is different personal definitions of ______

Answer 19

success

Question 20

what are the 3 P’s of achievement goal orientations

Answer 20

Process, product, praise

Question 21

one of the Achievement goal orientations focuses on demonstrating effort, gaining approval and praise from significant others what one is this

Answer 21

social approval

Question 22

what are the positives of a task orientated

Answer 22

• have control
• more confidence
• helps concetration

Question 23

what are the negative of task orientated

Answer 23

• perfectionism
• selfish

Question 24

what are negatives of outcome/ego orientated

Answer 24

complement
frustrating
control

Question 25

what are positive of outcome/ego orientated

Answer 25

- gives confidence - train

Question 26

what is motivation the sum of

Answer 26

direction + intensity

Question 27

what is arousal defined as

Answer 27

level of physiological and psychological activation

Question 28

what are the two extremes of arousal continuum

Answer 28

deep sleep excessive discomfort

Question 29

physiological component of arousal is what

Answer 29

increase or decrease in body's level of activation e.g. HR

Question 30

psych component of arousal is

Answer 30

positive feelings (confidence) or negative ( fear, sadness)

Question 31

what can arousal lead to

Answer 31

anxiety and excitement

Question 32

anxiety = high arousal states that produce feelings of ___ and ___

Answer 32

discomfort and concern

Question 33

anxiety is a ____ threat

Answer 33

perceived

Question 34

stress is a ___ ___ between demand and capabilities

Answer 34

perceived imbalance

Question 35

stress is a perceived _____ between demand and capabilities

Answer 35

imbalance

Question 36

stress leads to what type of anxiety

Answer 36

state anxiety

Question 37

what are the 3 types of anxiety that shows a relationship between trait and state anxiety

Answer 37

1. competitive trait anxiety 2. state anxiety 3. relationship between trait and state anxiety

Question 38

state anxiety is based on what

Answer 38

current state of emotions - associated with negative effects

Question 39

what are the subcomponents of state anxiety

Answer 39

- cogntive - somatic

Question 40

what is somatic state anxiety

Answer 40

physiological

Question 41

what are the 3 implications for best practice - what is needed to use the stress model

Answer 41

1. identify the cause of stress 2. understand the stress response 3. identify behavioural consequences

Question 42

two sources of stress and anxiety

Answer 42

1. situation 2. personal

Question 43

two factors under situational sources of stress

Answer 43

- importance of result - uncertainty

Question 44

two factors under personal sources of stress

Answer 44

- trait anxiety - self- esteem

Question 45

what is the relationship for drive theory between performance and arousal

Answer 45

linear straight line

Question 46

what is the inverted U theory

Answer 46

performance will increase with arousal up to a certain point

Question 47

what are the 3 key points to consider with the inverted U theory

Answer 47

1. optimal level of arousal is different for each person 2. optimal levels vary across sport 3. best performance happens at optimal

Question 48

what is the catastrophe theory

Answer 48

increase in physiological arousal, leads to an increase in performance up to a certain (optimal point)

Question 49

after optimal point person percieves an imablance of stress which leas to what and what happens to performance

Answer 49

stress leads to cognitive anxiety and performance is suddenly dropped

Question 50

what are two factor of why over-arousal influences performance

Answer 50

1. somatic (muscle) 2. cognitive effects (attention-concentration)

Question 51

what are 4 implications for coachings about arousal

Answer 51

1. know your playes as individuals 2. reduce importance of outcome 3. reduce uncertainty 4. help athletes to manage arousal levels