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STATE EXAM PREP > part 4 > Flashcards

part 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder with recurrent episodes of depression and mania.

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2
Q

What ages is bipolar most common?

A

Between 15 and 40 years

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3
Q

What is bipolar type 1 disorder?

A

involves periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression

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4
Q

What is bipolar type 2?

A

Bipolar II disorder is a milder form of mood elevation, involving milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with periods of severe depression. More common than type 1

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5
Q

S&S of bipolar?

A 
Mania
Depression
Irritable
Rapidly changing moods
Increased appetite for food and sex
Loss of concentration
Sleep problems
Suicidal ideation
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6
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A psychotic disorder characterized by disorientation and disorganized patterns of thinking.

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7
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Includes schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms.
Schizoaffective disorder is a combination of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Symptoms may occur at the same time or at different times.

Symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, depressed episodes and manic periods of high energy.

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8
Q

What are delusions?

A

Firm, fixed, false beliefs, irrational

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9
Q

What are thought disturbances?

A

Inability to concentrate
Disorganised train of thought
Constant conversation change
Distracted

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10
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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11
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

Dysregulation of one’s mood state (depressive and bipolar disorders)
Loss of motivation
Every day tasks become difficult
Social withdrawal

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12
Q

What is a borderline personality disorder?

A

A mental disorder characterised by unstable moods, behaviour and relationships.
The cause of borderline personality disorder isn’t well understood. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms.
Symptoms include emotional instability, feelings of worthlessness, insecurity, impulsivity and impaired social relationships.

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13
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder?

A

A pervasive sense of mistrust of the motives of others.

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14
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Avoid social relationships

Does not express emotion or feelings

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15
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

A

A pattern of being uncomfortable in close relationships, having distortions in thinking or sensation and behaving oddly
Difficulty establishing and maintaining friendships and usually has eccentric tendencies in everyday behaviour

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16
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

A pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others

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17
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism, control, neatness, and the achievement of perfection

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18
Q

Who is at risk of developing a personality disorder?

A

Late adolescence or early childhood
Can improve with increasing age
Has the tendency to develop other mental health issues

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19
Q

What is Risperidone?

A

Atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

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20
Q

Adverse effects of risperidone?

A 
Akathisia
Parkinsonims
Insomnia
Headache
Gi upset
Elevated CPK levels
Dyskinesia
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21
Q

Points to tell patients after taking risperidone?

A

Monitor for weight gain
Hyperglycaemia
Impact on mental alertness (driving, operating heavy machinery

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22
Q

What class of drugs does chlorpromazine belong to?

A

Phenothiazine antipsychotics

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23
Q

What is chlorpromazine used to treat?

A 
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorders
Manic phase of bipolar
Prolonged hiccups
Anxiety
N+V
Tetanus
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24
Q

Effects of chlorpromazine?

A

Think clearly
Feel less nervous
Reduced aggression
Decreased hallucination

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25
Side effects of chlorpromazine?
``` Dry mouth Blurred vision Tiredness Nausea Constipation Weight gain Extrapyramidal symptoms ```
26
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Life-threatening emergency; high fever, tachycardia, stupor, increased respiration, muscle rigidity
27
Cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
adverse reaction from taking neuroleptic or antipsychotic medication
28
What is serotonin syndrome?
Group of symptoms following the use of some serotonergic medication. Symptoms include agitation ataxia increased sweating diarrhoea fever hyperreflexia
29
What causes serotonin syndrome?
``` Increased dose of Serotonergic medications MAOIs TCAs Tranadol St Johns Wort ```
30
What are the effects of parkinsonia?
``` Blank mask like expression Salivary drooling Noticeable tremor Muscle rigidity Shuffling gait ```
31
Nursing interventions for parkinsonia?
``` Reactions subside with time Anticholinergic medication (benztripine) ```
32
What is akasthia?
Restless legs | can change medication/anticholinergic medication
33
What is the main medication used as a mood stabiliser?
Lithium. Treats mania symptoms and depression. Low doses are effective for depression and bipolar when used with another mood stabiliser
34
Side effects of lithium?
``` Polydipsia Polyuria Nausea Weight gain Lithium toxicity ```
35
What is the normal lithium level?
0.6-1.2mmol
36
What is lithium toxicity?
When lithium levels are above 1.5mmol. Causes diarrhoea nausea vomitting weakness dizziness LOC tremors, psychosis, akasthisia, increased reflexes, slurred speech, tremors
37
What is another medication used as a mood stabiliser?
Sodium valporate. Treats bipolar
38
Side effects of sodium valporate?
Drowsiness, headache, weight gain, nausea, confusion
39
What is the normal BSL?
4.0-7.8mmol
40
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Bizarre facial & tongue movements, stiff neck, difficult swallow -- potentially irreversible
41
What is a nursing intervention for tardive dyskinesia?
Do not give antiparkinsinian drugs (benztropine) | Lower dose of antipsychotics
42
Axiz 1-5 for MH diagonis
Axis 1: represents acute symptoms that need treatment diagnoses the most familiar mental illness eg major depressive disorder or schizophrenic episode Axis 2: Assessment of personality disorders and intellectual disabilities Axis 3: Medical or neurological conditions that may influence a psychiatric problem Axis 4: Identifies recent psychosocial stress eg death of a loved one that may affect the diagnosis treatment and prognosis of mental disorder Axis 5: Identifies the patients ability to function in everyday life. Scale of 0-100
43
What are some benzodiazapines and what do they treat?
Anti anxiety meds Temazepam Lorazapam Oxazepam
44
List 2 typical antipsychotics?
Haloperidol tx schizophrenia phycosis. Affects are tachy fever insomnia Chlorpromazine tx schizophrenia mania bipolar. Affects are weight gain dry mouth dizziness
45
What are 2 atypical antipsychotics?
Olanzapine tx schizophrenia mania and depression. Affects are weight gain and sedation Risperidone tx schizophrenia bipolar mania. Affects are akasthisia insomnia anxiety
46
List 2 antipsychotic depot injections?
Zuclopenthixol (clopixol) take 2-4 weeks. IM. Causes drowsiness and sedation Palliperidone (invega sustenna) take 2-4 weekly. IM. Causes tremor sedation
47
What AB is most commonly used for UTI's?
Trimethoprin
48
What is decorticate posturing?
characterized by flexion of the arms and extension of the legs
49
What is decerebrate posturing?
characterized by extension of the arms and legs worse than decorticate
50
What is compartment syndrome?
A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure build-up from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues. The pressure decreases blood flow, depriving muscles and nerves of required nourishment. Symptoms may include severe pain, sensation of pins and needles and weakness of the affected area.
51
What is erythromycin used to treat?
Chest infections Acne STI's
52
Most common side effect of erythromycin?
N/V
53
Main complication of shingles?
Post herpatic nerve pain
54
Who is at most risk for getting shingles?
Adults who have had shingles | Adults over 50
55
What is prednisone used to treat?
Anti inflam cortico steroid Asthma Allergic reactions COPD
56
Side effects of prednisone?
High bp | Fluid retention
57
Risk of catching tetanus?
Having a cut and being in soil
58
S+S of tetanus?
``` Occurs 3-10 post infection Weakness Difficulty chewing and swallowing Muscle rigidity Respiratory muscle paralysis ```
59
Which act affirms the Treaty of waitangi?
Health and disability act 2000
60
List 4 nursing obligations w the Treaty?
Form partnership w Maori Be responsive to Maori needs Ensure equal opportunities Measure and evaluate the councils responsibilities
61
causes of schizophrenia
enlarged ventricles, decreased prefrontal cortex volume, blocked reuptake of dopamine Drug use Poor nutrition during pregnancy
62
3 positive symptoms of schiz?
Delusions Disordered speech Hallucinations
63
3 negative symptoms of schiz?
Flat expressions Lack of motivation Inability of experience pleasure
64
List the bill of rights?
``` Not be: Deprived of life Subjected to torture or cruel tx Subjected to medical or scientific experimentation To refuse tx ```
65
What is whooping cough?
Pertussis. A bacterial disease which causes a cough for 10+ weeks. Runny nose, N+V, spread through the air
66
Tx for whooping cough?
ABs such as azithromycin and clarithromycin. Boostrix vaccine
67
What is asthma?
an inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
68
3 inhaled corticosteroids?
Pulmicort Flixotide Beclazone
69
List 3 combination inhalers?
Seretide Symbicort Rexair
70
What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome?
``` pain pallor (pale skin tone) paresthesia (numbness feeling) pulselessness (faint pulse) paralysis (weakness with movements). Numbness, tingling, or pain may be present ```

STATE EXAM PREP (4 decks)

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