Part 7

Question 1

what is responsible for MI and most strokes

Answer 1

thrombosis

Question 2

the vascular spasm associated with trauma that helps limit blood loss is due primarily to

Answer 2

local myogenic spasm

Question 3

which is associated with vasoconstriction and potentiates platelet degranulation

Answer 3

thromboxane A2 release from platelets

Question 4

which is effective at dissolving clots that have formed

Answer 4

plasmin

Question 5

what is the major function of thrombin

Answer 5

convert fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 6

NPY released from the SNS may augment

Answer 6

collateralization

Question 7

Ca is required at all steps in the extrinsic clotting cascade

Answer 7

true

Question 8

a person whose blood sample clumps when treated with either anti-A or anti-B serum would be what blood type

Answer 8

AB

Question 9

lacking the D antigen would be associated with

Answer 9

Rh-

Question 10

compared to a typical ventricular muscle cell, which is not a characteristic of the SA node

Answer 10

plateau

Question 11

at the end of depolarization, which ion is closest to its Nernst equilibrium potential

Answer 11

K

Question 12

a 2-3X elevation in ECF of K ions has what effect on cardiac muscle

Answer 12

weakness and flaccidity

Question 13

which membrane permeability changes would increase HR

Answer 13

decrease membrane permeability to K

Question 14

Ach binds to

Answer 14

muscarinic cardiac receptos

Question 15

at rest, if you block both divisions of the ANS, what will happen

Answer 15

+ chonotropic effect, - inotropic effect

Question 16

what allows the ventricular myocardium to behave as a functional syncytium

Answer 16

intercalated discs

Question 17

which creates only a systolic murmur

Answer 17

aortic stenosis

Question 18

if the LA pressure is 7 mmHg, the LV pressure is 5 mmHg and the aortic BP is 106 mmHg and falling, what phase is the heart in

Answer 18

rapid inflow

Question 19

increased stretch on the ventricular fibers during filling have what effect on calcium influx into the ventricular cells

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

what percentage of sympathetic effect on the heart during a fight/fright response is due to blood borne catecholamines from the adrenal medulla

Answer 20

15%

Question 21

a wave of repolarization moving toward the positive recording electrode would create what type of deflection

Answer 21

negative deflection

Question 22

when does myocardial blood flow peak in the left coronary vessel

Answer 22

at the onset of diastole

Question 23

at the T wave, what is happening

Answer 23

the wave of depolarization is moving toward the negative electrode

Question 24

an occasional P wave with no associated QRS complex describes what

Answer 24

second degree AV block

Question 25

what is the effect of driving a potentially self-excitatory cell faster than its own inherent rate

Answer 25

inhibitory effect, less likely to spontaneously fire

Question 26

what is the maximum percentage of oxygen that can be extracted be a tissue from blood perfusing that tissue

Answer 26

70%

Question 27

normal ejection fractions at rest average what percentage

Answer 27

50-60%

Question 28

a lower left quadrant lead means

Answer 28

right axis deviation

Question 29

as HR increase, cycle length decrease. which statement is true

Answer 29

diastole shortens more than systole

Question 30

most of the energy consumed by the heart for work is associated with

Answer 30

pressurization of the blood

Question 31

an inverted T wave is associated with

Answer 31

myocardial ischemia

Question 32

infarction of the myocardium is associated with

Answer 32

elevation of troponin T or I in the blood

Question 33

left cardiac sympathetic denervation has what effect on vagal activity

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

which would increase likelihood of syncope (fainting)

Answer 34

occlusion of the circumflex artery

Question 35

if your body temperature is elevated 3 degrees above normal, you would expect the HR to be elevated by how many bpm

Answer 35

30