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Mammography > Part I > Flashcards

Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Location of breast vertically

A

Clavicle meet abdominal wall
Level of second or third rib meet at the level of the sixth to seventh rib

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2
Q

Location of breast horizontally

A

Extend laterally to the edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle and medally to midsternum

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3
Q

Breast tissues can form anywhere this line
Extends from each side of the body;
Extend from axilla groin

A

Milk Bridge/Line

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4
Q

Lies on superficial fascia, muscles:

A

A. Pectoralis major
B. Serratous anterior
C. External oblique

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5
Q

A layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia, separate the breast from pectoralis major

A

Retromammary Space

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6
Q

Projection where the retromammary space is visible

A

Mediolateral Oblique Projection (MLO)
20% can be seen in caudocranial projection

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7
Q

Most secure part of the breast

A

Superior and medial portion

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8
Q

Most mobile part of the breast

A

Lateral and inferior portion

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9
Q

Represent point of attachment of the most inferior portion of breast to the chest wall.
(Line inferior to meet abdominal wall to clavicle)

A

Inframammry line/fold/crease

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10
Q

Many small protrusions on its surface of areola
Opening of ducts of the Montgomery’s glands

A

Morgagni’s tubercles

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11
Q

Sebaceous type providing lubrication during lactation
Useful in localizing possible masses

A

Montgomery’s gland

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12
Q

Upper outer quadrant - extends toward axilla

A

Axillary tail, tail of breast or sperve

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13
Q

Describe the relationship to nipple posterior closest to chest wall

A

Region Method

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14
Q

Deep Anatomy (tree)

A

Mammary Duct → Lobes (15-20) → lobules (10-100) → TDLU -ETD → ITD

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15
Q

Responsible for milk production
Where most cancers originate
Lined with epithelial and myoepithelial cells

A

Terminal Ductal lobular units

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16
Q

Located at the end terminal ductile

A

Interlobular terminal duct (ITD)

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17
Q

Small duct leading to the interlobular terminal duct

A

Extralobular terminal duct (ETD)

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18
Q

Milk production element of the breast

A

Acinus

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19
Q

Enlargement of male breast

A

Gynecomastia

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20
Q

Male Breast Cancer Risk Factors

A
  1. Age
  2. Heredity
  3. Breast Cancer Gene
  4. Radiation Exposure
  5. Use of hormones
  6. Klinefelter’s Syndrome - male with extra x chromosome
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21
Q

Main purpose of breast

A

Provide nourishment for the newborn

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22
Q

Fibrous branches in a breast is also called [..] that support breast tissue

A

Cooper’s ligament or suspensory ligament

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23
Q

Development of the mammary gland

A

Mamogenesis

24
Q

One of the few tissues which can repeatedly undergo growth, functional differentiation and regression

A

Mammary gland

25
Q

[..] predominates in first trimester

A

Ductal Sprouting

26
Q

[…] occurs more in second trimester

A

Lobular sprouting

27
Q

[development of mammary gland] SIXTH WEEK
DE.I.MD

A

-DOWNGROWTH of EPIDERMIS into underlying mesenchyme
-CHANGES occur in response to INDUCTIVE INFLUENCE
-MG DOWNGROWTHS

28
Q

[development of mammary gland] 4th WEEK
C.L.P

A

-MAMMARY CRESTS appear
-persists in the pectoral area where breast develops an attachment primary bud give rise to several secondary MAMMARY BUDS that develop into LACTIFEROUS DUCTS and their branches
-form 15-19 lactiferous ducts by end of term (canalization induced by PLACENTAL hormones)

29
Q

[embryology] WEEKS 4-6
M.E

A

Develop MILK RIDGES IN thoracic region
ECTODERMAL STREAKS from axilla to the groin

30
Q

[embryology] WEEKS 6-8

A

Mammary RIDGES INVOLUTE (leave one bud in pectoral area)
INVGINATION of chest wall mesenchyme

31
Q

[embryology] WEEKS 12-16
D.E.G

A

-DIFFERENCE of SMOOTH muscle to NIPPLE and AREOLA
-EPITHELIAL BUDS and branching buds
-GLANDULAR COMB of breast

32
Q

[embryology] Weeks 16 to 20
H.A

A

-HAIR FOLLICLES, APOCRINE glands and glands of MONTGOMERY
-APPEARANCE of PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS of breast parenchyma

33
Q

[embryology] THIRD TRIMESTER
E.N.MA.L

A

-EPIDERMIS DEPRESSES into shallow mammary part
-N-A COMPLEX ENLARGES & develops PIGMENTATION
-MAMMARY DUCTS CANALIZE
-LOBLES begin differentiation

34
Q

[embryology] NEONATAL
C.O.H.O

A

-CON. TISSUE PROLIFERATES causing the nipple to ERECT
-HORMONALLY stimulated
-LOBULAR TISSUE may secrete colostrum

35
Q

[development of mammary gland] CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTY
M.A.P.B

A

-mammary ducts branch, give rise to TDLUs
-adipose cells proliferate, enlarge and extend into subcutaneous tissue
-periductal tissues increases. Blood vessels proliferate

36
Q

Indicate sexuality and monitoring aging

A

TANNER PHASES OF PUBERTAL BREAST DEV’T

37
Q

Menarche Phases

A

Proliferative phase (Follicular phase of Ovary) - day 3-14
Secretory phase (Luteal Phase of Ovary) - day 15-28

38
Q

Proliferative Phase
O.I.L.L

A

-overall regression of breast epithelial
-increase in ovarian estrogen (pituitary)
-less dense stroma
-low breast volume and water content

39
Q

Secretory Phase

A

-stroma density increases
-Ductal epithelium proliferates
-water content increases
-clinical symp : increased interlobular fluid & generalized lobular proliferation

40
Q

Hormones that rise during pregnancy

A

Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin

41
Q

[pregnancy] WEEKS 5-9
B.I

A

-breast enlargement
-increase in nipple-areolar complex pigmentation

42
Q

[pregnancy] SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY
P.S.C

A

-progressive lobular proliferation
-stromal and far elements increase
-colostrum accumulate in alveoli

43
Q

LACTATION

A

-interm post partum enlargement due to colostrum accumulation
-milk secreted into alveoli 3-7days postpartum

44
Q

Hormones for Ductal growth
Every Girl Calls Rex

A

Estrogen
Growth hormone
Cortisol
Relaxin

45
Q

Hormones for lobuloalveolar growth
Private Girls Caress Perfect Rex

A

Progesterone
growth factor
cortisol
Prolactin
Relaxin

46
Q

Types of Lobules

A

Type I -Virginal Lobule (breast at birth)
Type 2 - breast at puberty
Type 3 - breast during pregnancy
Type 4 - breast with milk

47
Q

Hormones promoting initiation of milk production

A

Lactogenic Hormones

48
Q

Lactogenic Hormones
Athletic Perky Hot Cops with T&G

A

Alveolar cells
Prolactin
Human chronic somatomammotropic hormone
Cortisol
Thyroid and growth hormone

49
Q

Hormones that promote contraction of myoepithelial cells

A

Galactokinetic Hormones
Oxytocin
Vasopressin (1%-20% powerful as oxytocin)

50
Q

Secrete complete mixture of sugars, proteins and lipids

A

Epithelial alveolar cells

51
Q

Milk (1-5 days) reach in proteins, minerals, immunoglobuline, anti inflammatory factors

A

Colostrum

52
Q

Milk (>30 days) larger quantity that colostrum

A

Natural milk

53
Q

Milk, thin, proteins, lactose, water and other nutrients

A

Foremilk

54
Q

Milk; more fat, whiter, provide energy of a feed

A

Hindmilk

55
Q

Other Compositions of milk

A

Growth factor, cortisol, insulin, thyroxine and prolactin

Mammography (7 decks)

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