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IC > Part II: Opioids > Flashcards

Part II: Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Opioid vs Opiate

A

Opioid acts at opioid receptors

Opiates derived from poppies

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2
Q

Opioid receptors are

A

G protein receptors

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3
Q

Is sigma an opioid receptor?

A

no

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4
Q

Analgesic, sedative, euphoric effects opioid receptor

A

mu receptors

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5
Q

analgesia at spinal levels opioid receptor

A

Delta receptors

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6
Q

Dysphoria opioid receptor

A

kappa

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7
Q

How would an opioid overdose kill you

A

respiratory depression

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8
Q

Miosis or Mydriasis with opioids?

A

Miosis from parasympathetic/cholinergic activity

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9
Q

Toxicity of opioids

A 
Respiratory Depression
Dysphoria
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Seizures at high doses
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10
Q

How long does it take for opioid tolerance to develop?

A

2-3 weeks (tolerance reverses within same time as well)

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11
Q

cross tolerance means

A

tolerance to one opioid means tolerance to the others

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12
Q

Abstinence syndrome

A

withdrawing from opioids

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13
Q

Equianalgesic dose is equal to how much of morphine?

A

10mg

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14
Q

High efficacy Analgesics

A 
Morphine
Methadone
Meperidine
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
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15
Q

why is methadone used to for opioid addiction?

A

it is longer acting and is used as a maintenance in opiate addicts

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16
Q

Low to medium efficacy

A 
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Propoxyphene
Tramadol
17
Q

Partial of mixed agonist-antagonist analgesics w/ less addictive potential and less risk of respiratory depression; can be used for opioid addiction

A

Buprenophine used w/ naloxone (mu partial agonist used for opioid injection, suboxone is sublingual)

Butorphanol

Nalbuphine

Pentazocine

18
Q

Opioids w/ primarily peripheral actions that treat diarrhea

A

Diphenoxylate

Loperamide

19
Q

Antitussives

A

Codeine

Dextromethorphan (otc, not much BBB permeation)

20
Q

Acute overdose is treated with

A

Naloxone (parenteral, intranasal), high affinity for mu receptor

21
Q

Oral Opioid antagonist to prevent relapse is

A

Naltrexone

22
Q

Opioid-induced constipation w/ poor BBB penetration

A

Methylnaltrexone

Naloxegol

23
Q

Which opioids do not have a high 1st pass

A

methadone

codeine

24
Q

Which opioid undergoes glucuronidation but instead of being excreted the glucuronidated form is more potent than the parent

A

Morphine (turns into M-6G)

25
Q

Contraindications of opioid

A

Head injuries

Pregnancy

Impaired Pulmonary function

Hepato/renal compromised patients

Addisons or Hypothyroidism

IC (18 decks)

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