Particle Model of Matter (P3)

Question 1

Define Density

Answer 1

Density is the mass for a given volume

Question 2

What are the three common states of matter?

Answer 2

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 3

Describe properties of particles in a solid?

Answer 3

Very close together
Arranged in a regular pattern
Vibrate but do not move from place to place

Question 4

Describe properties of particles in a liquid?

Answer 4

Close together
Not arranged in a regular pattern
Can move around each other

Question 5

Describe properties of particles in a gas?

Answer 5

Far apart
Not arranged in a regular pattern
Moving very rapidly

Question 6

Equation for density

Answer 6

ρ=m/v

Density (kg/m^3) = Mass (kg) / Volume (m^3)

Question 7

What is the density in solids?

Answer 7

Very High

Question 8

What is the density in liquid?

Answer 8

High

Question 9

What is the density in gas?

Answer 9

Low

Question 10

Why does polystyrene have low density?

Answer 10

It has many air spaces

Question 11

How do we measure the volume of a regular object such as a cube?

Answer 11

Base x Height x Width

Question 12

How do we investigate the density of a cube?

Answer 12

Measure the mass
Measure the volume (bhw)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v

Question 13

How do we investigate the density of a cube?

Answer 13

Measure the mass using a balance
Measure the volume (bxhxw)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v

Question 14

How do we investigate the density of an irregular object?

Answer 14

Measure the mass using a balance
Fill a Eureka can with water
Place the object in the Eureka can
Measure the volume of water that leaves the can (same as the volume of the object)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v

Question 15

Define Internal Energy

Answer 15

The energy stored in a system by the particles

total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

Question 16

Which types of energy do particles have?

Answer 16

Kinetic

Potential

Question 17

What do we do to a solid to turn it into a liquid?

Answer 17

Increase the internal energy

Melting

Question 18

What do we do to a liquid to turn it into a gas?

Answer 18

Increase the internal energy

Boiling

Question 19

What do we do to a gas to turn it into a liquid?

Answer 19

Reduce the internal energy

Condensing

Question 20

What do we do to a liquid to turn it into a solid?

Answer 20

Reduce the internal energy

Freezing

Question 21

What is it called when a solid turns into a gas?

Answer 21

Sublimation

Question 22

Why is changing states a reversible process?

Answer 22

It is a physical change, not chemical

Question 23

Define Evaporation

Answer 23

When a liquid turns to a gas but only on the surface of the liquid

Question 24

Define Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 24

The energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1*C

Question 25

Equation for Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 25

ΔE=mc∆θ | Change in energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) x change in temperature (°C)

Question 26

SMILE = ) : )

Answer 26

Press 5

Question 27

What does the heating graph of a solid look like?

Answer 27

Temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis | It is a straight line increasing, it then plateaus, increases again, plateau and increases once more.

Question 28

Define Latent Heat

Answer 28

Energy needed to change the state 1kg of a substance without a temperature change

Question 29

What does the cooling graph of a gas look like?

Answer 29

Temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis | It is a straight line decreasing, it then plateaus, decreasing again, plateau and decreasing once more.

Question 30

Why does a heating graph have flat sections where temperature does not increase?

Answer 30

Energy being put in is weakening or breaking the forces of attraction, not increasing kinetic energy

Question 31

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 31

Melting | The energy requires to change 1 kg of a substances from a solid to a liquid with no temperature change

Question 32

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

Answer 32

Boiling | The energy requires to change 1 kg of a substances from a liquid to a vapour with no temperature change

Question 33

What is the equation for Latent Heat?

Answer 33

E=mL | Energy for a change of state (J) = Mass (kg) x Specific Latent Heat (J/kg)

Question 34

In which direction do particles in a gas move?

Answer 34

Brownian Motion | Constant Random Motion

Question 35

Define Pressure

Answer 35

Pressure is the force exerted on the surface of a container per unit of area

Question 36

How can we increase the pressure of a specific mass of a gas?

Answer 36

Increase temperature | increases average kinetic energy

Question 37

What is gas pressure at low temperature? Why?

Answer 37

Low | There are few, low energy collisions per second

Question 38

What is gas pressure at high temperature? Why?

Answer 38

High | There are many, high energy collisions per second

Question 39

What happens when particles in a gas collide with the inside of a container?

Answer 39

A force acts at right angles to the walls of the gas container (Outwards) This is the pressure

Question 40

The same mass of gas, in a container with a larger volume has a ... pressure?

Answer 40

Lower

Question 41

Pressure of a gas has what relationship with volume?

Answer 41

Inversely Proportional

Question 42

What equation shows the relationship between gas and pressure?

Answer 42

If temperature is kept constant pV = constant Pressure (Pa) x Volume (m^3) = is always the same

Question 43

Define Work

Answer 43

Transfer of energy by a force

Question 44

What happens to the gas inside if you press a piston?

Answer 44

Internal energy increases as you have done work and transferred this energy to the gas Temperature also increases