parts and adaptation of respiratory system Flashcards
(11 cards)
adaptations of trachea
-supported by c shaped rings of cartilage that keeps airways open by maintaining flexibility
-lined with ciliated epithelial tissue that contains hair like projections called cilia that can move in a synchronised pattern. This allows mucous to be wafted up the trachea to be swallowed.
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what is epithelial tissue
a thin tissue that covers internal and external surfaces
function of cilia
to waft mucous up trachea and away from lungs
where is mucous produced
by goblet cells found in trachea walls
function of mucus
To trap pathogens, that will then be wafted away from lungs by cilia
This prevents pathogens from entering respiratory system
Adaptations of bronchi
c-shaped cartilage replaced with irregular blocks of cartilage
cilia still present
has a ciliated epithelium tissue
adaptations of bronchiole
-Larger bronchiole has blocks of cartilage in walls but as they branch into narrower tubes, cartilage is no longer present.
-Walls contain smooth muscle and elastic fibres
function of smooth muscles in Bronchioles
To regulate air flow to alveoli by contracting, to constrict the diameter of bronchioles.
adaptations for alveoli
-small and highly folded, increase surface area for gases exchange.
-High quantity of alveoli in lungs leading to large total surface area for gas exchange.
-one cell thick squamous epithelium- short diffusion path.
-all close to a blood capillary network, increasing efficiency of diffusion
Lined in thin layer of moisture so gases can be dissolved
-supported by elastic fibres
what is a squamous epithelium
a flat, scale like layer of tissue
what covers internal surface of alveoli
-Surfactant, reduces surface tension through hydrophobic and hydrophilic forced, to prevent alveoli from collapsing.
