Parturition Flashcards

0
Q

Concurrently, the cervix begins an early stage of remodeling termed _____, yet maintains structural integrity

A

Softening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

During the first _______ weeks of normal gestation, the myometrium is in a preparatory yet unresponsive state

A

36-38 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Following this prolonged uterine quiescence, there is a _____ phase during which myometrial unresponsiveness is suspended, and the cervix undergoes ripening, effacement, and loss of structural integrity

A

Transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bringing forth of young, requires multiple transformations in both uterine and cervical function

A

Parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The phases of parturition includes:

A

Prelude
Preparation
Process
Recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contractile unresponsiveness

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cervical softening

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Uterine preparedness for labor

A

Phase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cervical ripening

A

Phase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uterine contraction

A

Phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervical dilation

A

Phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fetal and placenta expulsion

A

Phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uterine involution

A

Phase 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cervical repair

A

Phase 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breast feeding

A

Phase 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This phase begin even before implantation

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is characterized by smooth muscle tranquility with maintenance of cervical structural intergrity

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The myometrial unresponsiveness of phase 1 continues until ____

A

Near end of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Uterine myometrial smooth muscle is rendered unresponsive to natural stimuli

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Uterine quiescence is characterized by their ____, ___, ____

A

Unpredictability
Low intensity
Brief duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Any discomfort in the uterine quiescent phase is confined in the ____ and ___

A

Lower abdomen

Groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Near the end of pregnancy, contractions of this type become more common especially in multiparous women

A

Braxton hicks contractions or False labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cervix has multiple functions during pregnancy which includes:

A
  • maintenance of barrier function: protection form reproductive tract infection
  • maintenance of cervical competence: despite increasing gravitational forces imposed by the expanding uterus
  • orchestrating extracellular matrix changes: allow progressive increase in tissue compliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In non-pregnant women, the cervix is ___ and ____, and its consistency is similar to the ____

By the end of pregnancy the cervix is easily ____

A

Closed and Firm
Nasal Cartilage

Distensible

24
Characterized by an increase in tissue compliance, yet the tissue remains firm and unyielding
Softening
25
Cervical shortening is between ____ and ____ weeks has been associated with an increased risk of _____
16-24 weeks | Preterm delivery
26
Cervical softening results from:
Increased vascularity Stromal hypertrophy Glandular hypertrophy and hyperplasia Compositional or structural changes of the extracellular matrix
27
Physiological softening is preceded by an increased in ____
Collagen solubility
28
Uterine awakening and activation
Phase 2
29
Phase 2 of parturition represents a progression of changes in the uterus during the ____ of pregnancy
6-8 weeks
30
What are the contraction associated proteins?
Oxytocin receptors Prostaglandin receptors Connexin 43
31
Agents that stimulates contractions
Uterotonins
32
Myometrial oxytocin receptors markedly increase along with increased numbers and surface areas of gap junction proteins such as connexin 43
Phase 2
33
This phase leads to increase uterine irritabiltyand responsiveness of uterotonins
Phase2
34
The critical change in phase 2
Formations of the lower uterine segment from the isthmus
35
With this development, the fetal head often descend to or even through the pelvic inlet
Lightening
36
In phase 2 cervical modifications during the second phase principally involves the change in the connective tissue
Cervical ripening
37
The cervix is made up of only ____ % smooth muscles with the remaining tissue comprises mainly of connective tissues which includes:
10-15% C - collagen type 1,3,4 G - GAG P - proteoglycan E - elastin
38
This material is the major component of the cervix and is largely responsible for its structural disposition
Collagen
39
Each collagen molecule is composed of ______ which wind around each other to form ____
Three alpha chains | Procollagen
40
High molecular weight polysaccharides that contain amino acids and can form complexes with proteins to form ____
GAG | Proteoglycans
41
Hyaluronans' functions are dependent on the ____ and the ____ products which is carried out by a family of enzymes termed _____
Size Breakdown of the large molecular weight HA to small molecular weight Hyaluronidases
42
These glycoproteins are found in abundance in the cervix and changes in this composition also accompanies cervical ripening
Proteoglycans
43
At least two small leucine-rich proteoglycans are found in the cervix ____ and ____
Decorin | Biglycans
44
In these Phases there is increased cervical expression of chemokines and collagenase / proteases activity
Phase 3 and 4
45
This is considered an inflammatory process
Cervical ripening
46
Promotes cervical ripening for labor induction
Prostaglandin E2 and F2
47
Modify collagen and alter relative GAG concentration
PGE2 and PGF2
48
This phase is synonymous to active labor
Phase 3
49
This phase is customarily divided into three stages of labor
Phase 3
50
Begins when widely spaced uterine contractions of sufficient frequency, intensity, and duration are attained to bring about cervical thinning
Stage of cervical effacement and dilation
51
Term for cervical thinning
Effacement
52
This labor stage end when the cervix is fully dilated to allow passage of the fetal head
Cervical effacement and dilation
53
Begins when cervical dilatation completes and end with delivery
Stage of fetal expulsion
54
Begins immediately after delivery of the fetus and ends with the delivery of the placenta
Placental separation and expulsion
55
Predictive in the outcome of a particular labor
Acceleration phase
56
Good measure of over all efficiency of the uterus
Phase of maximum slope
57
Reflective of feto-pelvic relationship
Deceleration phase