Parturition

Question 0

Concurrently, the cervix begins an early stage of remodeling termed _____, yet maintains structural integrity

Answer 0

Softening

Question 1

During the first _______ weeks of normal gestation, the myometrium is in a preparatory yet unresponsive state

Answer 1

36-38 weeks

Question 2

Following this prolonged uterine quiescence, there is a _____ phase during which myometrial unresponsiveness is suspended, and the cervix undergoes ripening, effacement, and loss of structural integrity

Answer 2

Transitional

Question 3

bringing forth of young, requires multiple transformations in both uterine and cervical function

Answer 3

Parturition

Question 4

The phases of parturition includes:

Answer 4

Prelude
Preparation
Process
Recovery

Question 5

Contractile unresponsiveness

Answer 5

Phase 1

Question 6

Cervical softening

Answer 6

Phase 1

Question 7

Uterine preparedness for labor

Answer 7

Phase 2

Question 8

Cervical ripening

Answer 8

Phase 2

Question 9

Uterine contraction

Answer 9

Phase 3

Question 10

Cervical dilation

Answer 10

Phase 3

Question 11

Fetal and placenta expulsion

Answer 11

Phase 3

Question 12

Uterine involution

Answer 12

Phase 4

Question 13

Cervical repair

Answer 13

Phase 4

Question 14

Breast feeding

Answer 14

Phase 4

Question 15

This phase begin even before implantation

Answer 15

Phase 1

Question 16

This is characterized by smooth muscle tranquility with maintenance of cervical structural intergrity

Answer 16

Phase 1

Question 17

The myometrial unresponsiveness of phase 1 continues until ____

Answer 17

Near end of pregnancy

Question 18

Uterine myometrial smooth muscle is rendered unresponsive to natural stimuli

Answer 18

Phase 1

Question 19

Uterine quiescence is characterized by their ____, ___, ____

Answer 19

Unpredictability
Low intensity
Brief duration

Question 20

Any discomfort in the uterine quiescent phase is confined in the ____ and ___

Answer 20

Lower abdomen

Groin

Question 21

Near the end of pregnancy, contractions of this type become more common especially in multiparous women

Answer 21

Braxton hicks contractions or False labor

Question 22

The cervix has multiple functions during pregnancy which includes:

Answer 22

• maintenance of barrier function: protection form reproductive tract infection
• maintenance of cervical competence: despite increasing gravitational forces imposed by the expanding uterus
• orchestrating extracellular matrix changes: allow progressive increase in tissue compliance

Question 23

In non-pregnant women, the cervix is ___ and ____, and its consistency is similar to the ____

By the end of pregnancy the cervix is easily ____

Answer 23

Closed and Firm
Nasal Cartilage

Distensible

Question 24

Characterized by an increase in tissue compliance, yet the tissue remains firm and unyielding

Answer 24

Softening

Question 25

Cervical shortening is between ____ and ____ weeks has been associated with an increased risk of _____

Answer 25

16-24 weeks | Preterm delivery

Question 26

Cervical softening results from:

Answer 26

Increased vascularity Stromal hypertrophy Glandular hypertrophy and hyperplasia Compositional or structural changes of the extracellular matrix

Question 27

Physiological softening is preceded by an increased in ____

Answer 27

Collagen solubility

Question 28

Uterine awakening and activation

Answer 28

Phase 2

Question 29

Phase 2 of parturition represents a progression of changes in the uterus during the ____ of pregnancy

Answer 29

6-8 weeks

Question 30

What are the contraction associated proteins?

Answer 30

Oxytocin receptors Prostaglandin receptors Connexin 43

Question 31

Agents that stimulates contractions

Answer 31

Uterotonins

Question 32

Myometrial oxytocin receptors markedly increase along with increased numbers and surface areas of gap junction proteins such as connexin 43

Answer 32

Phase 2

Question 33

This phase leads to increase uterine irritabiltyand responsiveness of uterotonins

Answer 33

Phase2

Question 34

The critical change in phase 2

Answer 34

Formations of the lower uterine segment from the isthmus

Question 35

With this development, the fetal head often descend to or even through the pelvic inlet

Answer 35

Lightening

Question 36

In phase 2 cervical modifications during the second phase principally involves the change in the connective tissue

Answer 36

Cervical ripening

Question 37

The cervix is made up of only ____ % smooth muscles with the remaining tissue comprises mainly of connective tissues which includes:

Answer 37

10-15% C - collagen type 1,3,4 G - GAG P - proteoglycan E - elastin

Question 38

This material is the major component of the cervix and is largely responsible for its structural disposition

Answer 38

Collagen

Question 39

Each collagen molecule is composed of ______ which wind around each other to form ____

Answer 39

Three alpha chains | Procollagen

Question 40

High molecular weight polysaccharides that contain amino acids and can form complexes with proteins to form ____

Answer 40

GAG | Proteoglycans

Question 41

Hyaluronans' functions are dependent on the ____ and the ____ products which is carried out by a family of enzymes termed _____

Answer 41

Size Breakdown of the large molecular weight HA to small molecular weight Hyaluronidases

Question 42

These glycoproteins are found in abundance in the cervix and changes in this composition also accompanies cervical ripening

Answer 42

Proteoglycans

Question 43

At least two small leucine-rich proteoglycans are found in the cervix ____ and ____

Answer 43

Decorin | Biglycans

Question 44

In these Phases there is increased cervical expression of chemokines and collagenase / proteases activity

Answer 44

Phase 3 and 4

Question 45

This is considered an inflammatory process

Answer 45

Cervical ripening

Question 46

Promotes cervical ripening for labor induction

Answer 46

Prostaglandin E2 and F2

Question 47

Modify collagen and alter relative GAG concentration

Answer 47

PGE2 and PGF2

Question 48

This phase is synonymous to active labor

Answer 48

Phase 3

Question 49

This phase is customarily divided into three stages of labor

Answer 49

Phase 3

Question 50

Begins when widely spaced uterine contractions of sufficient frequency, intensity, and duration are attained to bring about cervical thinning

Answer 50

Stage of cervical effacement and dilation

Question 51

Term for cervical thinning

Answer 51

Effacement

Question 52

This labor stage end when the cervix is fully dilated to allow passage of the fetal head

Answer 52

Cervical effacement and dilation

Question 53

Begins when cervical dilatation completes and end with delivery

Answer 53

Stage of fetal expulsion

Question 54

Begins immediately after delivery of the fetus and ends with the delivery of the placenta

Answer 54

Placental separation and expulsion

Question 55

Predictive in the outcome of a particular labor

Answer 55

Acceleration phase

Question 56

Good measure of over all efficiency of the uterus

Answer 56

Phase of maximum slope

Question 57

Reflective of feto-pelvic relationship

Answer 57

Deceleration phase