Past Quizzes Flashcards
(22 cards)
An IRB is reviewing a proposed study that will look at the relationship between low birth weight and high school graduation rates. The investigator has proposed conducting the study in 12 inner city schools that are primarily African-American and justifies this choice by noting that low birth weight is more likely among low income and teenage mothers. An IRB member takes issue with the study design and subject selection arguing that they violate one of the 3 main principles for ethical research that form the basis for the Federal Regulations. The primary ethical principle she believes is being violated is
Justice
The three primary principles for ethical research that form the basis for Federal Regulations were outlined in:
The Belmont Report
Examples of Beneficence
Efforts to minimize risks
Paying enough money to participants to support their transportation costs and time, but not so much money it would unfairly induce subjects to participate (a form of coercion)
Examples of Justice
Efforts to assure that the risks and benefits of research distributed fairly
Extra efforts to enroll women
Examples of Autonomy
Conducting an informed consent process to make sure potential subjects are voluntarily consenting
Special consent procedures and requirements for research on prisoners
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requires special protections for special populations. The groups that have required special protections are….
Pregnant women, neonates, human fetuses
Prisoners
Children
A PI proposes a study of 2 dental surgical procedures; she will ask all her eligible patients to participate. Her funding for this research will only be available for this year.
What primary ethical issue(s) would the IRB raise and why?
Autonomy – patients may feel coerced; the investigator may feel pressured because of funding constraints and pressure patients to participate.
True or False: Within social contagion, it is social class that is the major actor.
False
What is the stage of the smoking transition that is characterized by a widespread decline in smoking across the population, especially high SES women?
Three
True or False: Control of chronic disease is one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century.
False
Examples of Social Contagion Theory:
- First identified 200 years ago when a wave of suicides swept across Europe where most of the victims read and identified with Goethe’s “The Sorrows of Young Werther”.
- Another example of this is the “June Bug” incident that occurred in a US textile factory in 1962, where 62 factory workers reported having been bitten by a mythical bug that ‘caused’ symptoms such as numbness and nausea.
Examples of Social Network Theory
The basis of this is homophily, where people of similar social and economic backgrounds tend to mostly interact with each other.
Examples of Symbolic Violence
The privileged impose needs, such as the need to preserve status, on others, mobilizing language, symbols, and commodities to frame situations as normal or desirable.
True or False: Being heavier in size increases estrogen production, which inhibits the development of breast cancer.
IT DEPENDS on menapausal status:
premenopausal = true
postmenapausal = false
Larry Brilliant reported a slogan that was used as a key response and technique in eradicating smallpox. What was it?
Early Detection, Early Response
True or False: The social class model developed by Max Weber includes social prestige and power in addition to income and wealth.
True
Smallpox was eradicated in
1980
True or False: In the Davison article, an urban form variable referred to the distribution of disease, such as the distribution of asthma in poor neighborhoods.
False
“contribution of objectively measured characteristics of the physical environment, referred to as urban form variables (e.g., mixed land use, street connectivity),” so clearly it is about the structure of the urban area, not distribution of disease.
True or False: An intervention based on social cognitive theory may not be appropriate for hospitalized people with severe schizophrenia.
True
True or False: Social cognitive theory, as conceptualized by Bandura, started as “social learning theory” in the 1960’s and when a cognitive component was added, the theory became known as social cognitive theory.
True
True or False: Bandura called the interconnectedness between social factors, personal factors, and behaviors “reciprocal determinism”.
True
True or False: Self-efficacy is defined as the ability or power to produce an effect.
False
