Session 6 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the two established independent risk factors for post menopausal breast cancer?
Higher Social Class and Heavier Body Size
Why is breast cancer incidence higher among women of higher social class?
- Class-based differences in reproductive behavior
- Women with higher social class tend to be..
- older at first birth,
- tend to have fewer births,
- are usually older at menopause.
- These are all risk factors to breast cancer.
True or False. Factors such as a heavier body size higher BMI and weight gain increase postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
True. These factors do increase postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
True or False. Being heavier in size increases estrogen production which inhibits mammary carcinogenesis (progression of breast cancer).
False. It’s true being heavier increases estrogen production which in fact, promotes breast cancer formation.
True or False. Breast cancer research has fully explored and determined individual and contextual indicators of social class.
False. Breast cancer research has not fully explored social class indicators as they relate to breast cancer risks.
What are the differences between individual level and area level social class indicators?
They are both used to assess a person’s socio-economic status and social class to assist in analyzing a person or communities health outcome.
Individual: education, occupation, house ownership, income, etc Area level: focus on the person’s relation to the area they live in using census data or aggregate income. (e.g. population aggregate data)
In Torio et al., what was the only major individual level social class indicator asked to measure for social class?
Education Level. How many grades were completed was asked to determine a woman’s individual level social class.
What were some area level social class indicators asked in the study?
- Per capita income
- percentage of individuals 25+ with a high school diploma
- unemployed individuals 16+ with white-collar occupations
- individuals in poverty
- households without a car, households without a telephone, & owner occupied housing units.
Did individual or area level social class indicators have the most influence on breast cancer risk?
Individual level social class indicators such as education & BMI change were found to be statistically significant factors in increased breast cancer risk rather than area level indicators.
Being heavier in size increases estrogen production, which inhibits the development of breast cancer. True or False?
Both! Depends on age. Cancer risk increases for heavier women after menopause.
Larry Brilliant reported a slogan that was used as a key response and technique in eradicating smallpox. What was it?
“Early detection, early response”
The social class model developed by Max Weber includes social prestige and power in addition to income and wealth.
True!
In the Davison article, an urban form variable referred to the distribution of disease, such as the distribution of asthma in poor neighborhoods. True or False?
False. Urban Form Variables refer to Residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and commercial and recreation space
Which level looks at individual risks such as genetic pre-disposition, individual – individual contact, and other very individual behaviors?
Micro Level
Looking at the determinates of health using a social integration model suggesting that people are conditioned by their social networks
Mezzo Level
Looking at “upstream” determinates of health
•Social structures
•Community
•Policy
•Law
Macro Level
Maintain present weight…What Level?
Micro
Thirty minutes of exercise 3x week in groups
Mezzo
Develop work place childcare
Mezzo Level
Supporting women’s education
Macro
When were the effects of Measles first described? (Remember, Trish loves history!)
7th Century
Info about Measles in modern times
- Near universal infection of childhood in prevaccination era
- Still Common and often fatal in developing areas
Measles etiology
- Paramyxovirus (RNA)
- Rapidly inactivated by heat and light
Measles pathology
- Respiratory transmission of virus
- Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes
- Primary viremia 2-3 days after exposure
- Secondary viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues
