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Path 3 final Histology > Path 3 final Histology > Flashcards

Path 3 final Histology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Cystic medial necrosis: weakening of connective tissue

A

Pink elastic fibers are disrupted by pools of blue mucinous ground substance

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2
Q

Liver congestion due to CHF

A

persinusoidal fibrosis and centrilobular sinusoidal dilation

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3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

nonspecific cellular abnormalities: variation in myocyte size, vacuolation, loss of myofibrillar material and fibrosis

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4
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophic myocardial fibers with prominent dark nuclei along with interstitial fibrosis

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5
Q

REstrictive cardiomyopathy: hemochroatosis

A

Prussian blue stain: excessive deposition of iron

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6
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: amyloidosis

A

amorphous deposits of pale pink material between myocardial fibers

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7
Q

viral myocarditis

A

interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates: Note most common viral agent: Coxsackie virus

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8
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Achoff bodies

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9
Q

Atrial myoxoma

A

Hypocellular myxoid mass with polygonal cells or elongated cell shape. Mono or multinuclear Finely vacuolated eosinophilic (stain) cytoplasms

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10
Q

Metastatic melanoma

A

areas of brown/black pigment: characteristic of melanoma

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11
Q

Achalasia

A

Lymphocytic infiltration of Auerbach’s plexus eventually overtaking ganglion cells

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12
Q

Barrets Esophagus

A

Metaplasia: Normal stratified squamous epithelium change to gastric and/or colonic columnar cells

Characteristic goblet cells

NOTE: colonic cells are associated with increased risk of malignancy

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13
Q

Espohageal Adenocarcinoma

A

variable nuclear size, variable nuclear staining and variable

nuclear shape.

Mitotic figures in the neoplastic cells are abundant.

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14
Q

Acute Gastritis

A

Gastric mucosa invaded with infiltration of neutrophils

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15
Q

Heliobactor Pylori

A

Small curved to spiral rod-shaped bacterium is found

in the surface epithelial mucus: methylene blue stain.

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16
Q

Atrophic Gastritis

A

Intestinal-type epithelium with numerous goblet cells (stained blue with the Alcian blue stain) has replaced the normal gastric mucosa. Mild chronic inflammation is noted by the presence of neutrophils in the lamina propria.

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17
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma

A

The neoplastic glands of gastric adenocarcinoma demonstrate mitoses, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios and hyperchromatism

Signet ring cell pattern

Gastric glands not visible

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18
Q

Gastric lymphoma

A

Infiltration of mucosa by atypical lymphoid cells

Characteristic: lymphoepitheleal lesions

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19
Q

Carcinoid tumor (gastric)

A

“Endocrine pattern” (nests of cells separated by thin-walled vessels) with less than 2 mitoses/10 HPF. Uniformity of cells and nuclei, normal nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, small nucleoli, stippled chromatin

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20
Q

Celiac DZ

A

Blunting/flattening of intestinal villi

Note: DQw2 histocompatibility antigen shows in 95% of patients

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21
Q

Chron’s DZ

A

Transmural lesions

Inflammatory cells appear as nodular infiltrates on the serosal surface with pale granulomatous centers.

epithelioid cells, giant cells, and many lymphocytes

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22
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Crypt Abcesses

Neutrophilic exudate is found in glandular lumens.

The submucosa shows intense inflammation. The glands demonstrate loss of goblet cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with inflammatory atypia.

**Increased risk for adenocarcinoma

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23
Q

Solid psuedopallilary tumor

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A

sheets of cells of similar size which display uniformly shaped and sized nuclei and slightly eosinophilic staining cytoplasm

Necrosis is often present and cell death may lead to changes in which finger-like projections of cells, known as pseudopapillae

24
Q

Mucinous Cystadenoma

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A

“empty” appearing cells

(no nucleus or obvious cytoplasmic structures).

These are the mucin containing cells.

25
Serous cystadenoma
small cysts which are lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium, characteristic of serous cystadenoma
26
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Pseudomembrane has numerous inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils. Pseudomembrane is usually composed of inflammatory cells, necrotic epithelium, and mucus in which the overgrowth of microorganisms takes place.
27
Leiomyoma
Elongated spindle cells containing cigar-shaped nuclei ## Footnote **NO evidence of increased mitotic activity is seen**
28
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Distinctive _frond-like appearance with a stromal/smooth muscle core_ Covered by acinar glands and normal mucosa. Nuclear atypia is absent
29
Carcinoid Tumor (Intestine)
Nests of carcinoid tumor have a typical endocrine appearance collections of small round cells containing nuclei that are consistent in size and shape and surrounded by cytoplasm which stains pink to pale blue.
30
Adenomatous polyp
Glands that are more irregular contain darker and more crowded nuclei. This neoplasm is benign and well-differentiated, as it still closely resembles the normal colonic structure
31
Villous Adenoma
**Cauliflower-like appearance** is due to the elongated glandular structures covered by dysplastic epithelium. Though villous adenomas are less common than adenomatous polyps, they are much more likely to have invasive carcinoma in them.
32
Juvenile Polyposis
Hamartomatous polyp **Characteristic inflamed, edematous stroma**; Eroded surface and cystic epithelial elements. All juvenile polyps and particularly large and multi-lobulated polyps should be carefully evaluated for neoplastic changes.
33
Adenocarcinoma
neoplastic glands of adenocarcinoma have crowded nuclei with hyperchromatism and pleomorphism lumens containing bluish mucin
34
Leiomyosarcoma
Increased cellularity, leiomyosarcomas have greater cell density and cells have **more mitotically active nuclei than leiomyoma**. More than 2 mitotically active nuclei per hpf is consistent with leiomyosarcoma
35
GI Lymphoma
large blue non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells lymphoma cells have prominent **clumped chromatin and nucleoli** with **occasional mitotic figures.**
36
Acute Cholycystitis
dense transmural infiltrate of neutrophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells
37
Chronic Cholycistis
**Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses ** surface epithelium has an increase in fibrous tissue and mild chronic inflammation
38
Asending Cholangitis
**concentric (onion skin–like) peri-ductal fibrosis** indistinguishable from that seen in PSC.
39
Acute Hepatitis
**ballooning degeneration:** a wispy cleared cytoplasm on H&E stained sections... Later stage, a dying hepatocyte forms an eosinophilic **“Councilman body"**
40
Cirrhosis
Regenerative nodules of hepatocytes are surrounded by fibrous connective tissue that bridges between portal tracts.
41
Chronic Viral Hep C
inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue
42
Hepatitis B
**Ground glass appearance** hepatocytes with diffuse granular cytoplasm
43
Alcoholic Hepatitis
**Mallory Bodies**
44
Hepatic Steatosis
Intracytoplasmic fat is seen as clear vacuoles
45
Hemochromatosis
Iron deposits: Prussia Blue stain
46
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Sheets of inflammatory cells
47
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Classic onion skin fibrosis
48
Hepatic Adenoma
neoplastic liver tissue disorganized and does not contain a normal lobular architecture.
49
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Collagen fibrosis Loss of normal liver architecture. Nuclear atypia
50
mammary duct ectasia
accumulation of **foamy macrophages** beneath the luminal duct epithelium
51
Fibrocystic breast DZ
multi-layering of the ductal cells or ingrowth of the cells towards the center of the duct Net increase in the number of ductal cells.
52
Fat necrosis
**irregular fatty spaces** surrounded by **foamy histiocytes** and **multinucleated giant cells**
53
Lymphocytic Mastopathy
**dense stromal fibrosis** occasional peri-ductal lymphocytic infiltration
54
Lactating Adenoma
**marked cytoplasmic vacuolization**
55
Intraductal papilloma
myoepithelial cells (often prominent in papillomas). The multilayered ductal cells become flattened with a heterochromatic nucleus next to the luminal surface.
56
Paget's DZ
**Pagets cells** large round cells with pale cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei
57
Lobular carcinoma
Small homogenous cells that invade the stroma, often seen in a “**single file pattern** Signet rings: worse prognosis

Path 3 final Histology (2 decks)

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