Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho Exam 1 > Patho CH 3: Inflammation > Flashcards

Patho CH 3: Inflammation Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

2nd line of defense
ex

A

Inflammation - nonspecific - innate

the same regardless of injury

ex: loss of function, increased capillary permeability, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3rd line of defense

A

immune response - specific

depends on type of invader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of first line of defense

A

blinking
cough
stomach acid
skin oils
mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vascular response

A

chemical mediators
vasodilation and increased permeability
more blood to injured site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes dilation of blood vessels (and bronchoconstriction) – stored in Mast Cells

A

histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vasodilator, inc permeability, activate pain receptors, (and bronchoconstrictor)

A

Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phagocytic cell - primary effector cell against infection and tissue damage - WBC

A

Leukocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophils)

A

leukocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clotting and hemostasis

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

release histamine (and serotonin and heparin) – WBC – also contain cytokines

A

Mast Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

many jobs – provide signals to regulate inflammation and immune response

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WBC - all over the body – major phagocytic cells – recognize and ingest something that is foreign - scavengers of the blood

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WBC – a BIG player in immune protection mostly in lymph nodes, spleen, etc. – detect foreign antigens.

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three steps need for chemical response

A

chemotaxis
cellular adherence
cellular migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cause of redness

A

vasodilation
increase of blood to injured area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cause of heat

A

vasodilation
increased blood flow to injured site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cause of swelling

A

extracellular fluid accumulation because of increased vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cause of pain

A

increased vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reason for loss of function

A

tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

treatment for inflammation

A

RICE
Reduce blood flow
Decrease swelling
Block the action of chemical mediators
Decrease pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

microorganism overcomes the immune system

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

non-healing lesion

A

Ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

disruption of a closed wound

wound splits apart why

A

Dehiscence

not enough sutures - pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

scar forms beyond the site of injury

A

keloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
scar tissue connecting tissue normally separated within the peritoneal cavity after surgery or penetrating injuries most common from
Adhesions abdominal surgery
26
conditions to promote healing
nutrition wound care rest non-weight bearing blood flow
27
acute sinusitis pathophysiology can come from:
inflammation of tissue lining of sinuses cannot clear mucous cystic fibrosis
28
acute sinusitis clinical manifestations
facial pain fever nasal congestion cough fatigue excessive mucous
29
acute sinusitis diagnostic criteria
physical exam labs sinus radiographs
30
labs for acute sinusitis
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Inflammation causes the rbc to stick together and become heavier and settle quickly to the bottom of the tube – nonspecific C-reactive protein (CRP) test determines presence and not the cause. CRP is a protein produced in the liver in response to inflammation White blood cell (WBC) count
31
acute sinusitis treatment
bacterial: antibiotics, antihistamines, decongestants, nasal spray, surgery
32
chronic sinusitis treatment
steroid or antibiotic nasal saline surgery to drill draining holes
33
burn causes
excessive heat radiation caustic chemicals electricity
34
burns lead to an
acute inflammatory response
35
priority if patient has burn near face/mouth
protect airway
36
superficial partial thickness
epidermis pink and painful no scarring heals in a few days
37
deep partial thickness
epidermis and dermis blisters, shiny, moist heals in 2-6 weeks
38
full thickness burns
epidermis dermis and hypodermis may look black no pain - no nerve fibers
39
rule of nines
front and back of arms = 9% trunk = 18% each leg = 18% face = 4.5%
40
burn treatment
remove source of injury ABCs fluid, nutrition, antibiotics, analgesics wound management
41
wound management may include
hydrotherapy skin grafting
42
RA pathophysiology
chronic inflammation of synovial membranes and hyperplasia
43
Etiology of RA
genetics triggering event autoimmunity
44
stages of RA
1. synovitis 2. pannus formation 3. fibrous ankylosis 4. bony ankylosis
45
synovitis
inflammation of synovium
46
pannus formation
vascular fibrous tissue
47
fibrous ankylosis
joint invaded by fibrous connective tissue
48
bony ankylosis
bones are fused together
49
clinical manifestation of RA
mild to debilitating symmetrical joint stiffness and pain swelling, heat, redness decreased mobility
50
pannus caused by
hyperplasia
51
labs for RA
Sed rate CRP IgG ANA
52
RA treatment
drugs inducing remission rest PT splints surgery
53
acute gastritis pathophysiology
ingestion of irritating substances cell necrosis
54
cause of acute gastritis
H. pylori - stomach bacteria overuse of aspirin
55
acute gastritis clinical manifestations
abd pain indigestion loss of appetite N/V hiccups
56
acute gastritis diagnostic criteria
h&p endoscopy stool analysis CBC occult CNP - vomit
57
acute gastritis treatment
discontinue irritating substance antibiotics hydration
58
chronic gastritis pathophysiology
gastric cell atrophy acid production impaired
59
chronic gastritis clinical manifestations
dyspepsia - heart burn loss of appetite vomiting anemia can be asymptomatic
60
chronic gastritis diagnostic criteria
endoscopy biopsy breath test - h pylori blood test
61
chronic gastritis treatment
antibiotics PPI - decrease acid vitamin B12 - parietal cells
62
acute pancreatitis patho
sudden inflammation that is reversible if caught early
63
acute pancreatitis causes
gallstone duct blocked excessive alcohol use tumor
64
acute pancreatitis clinical manifestations
mid-epigastric pain N/V/D hyperglycemia
65
acute pancreatitis diagnostic criteria
h&p labs
66
acute pancreatitis labs.
amylase and lipase
67
acute pancreatitis treatment
IV hydration analgesics surgical removal of gallstones
68
chronic pancreatitis patho
chronic inflammation that is irreversible
69
causes of chronic pancreatitis
repeated episodes of acute alcohol use CF
70
chronic pancreatitis CM
epigastric pain diarrhea fatty stool weight loss
71
CP diagnostic criteria
endoscopy amylase and lipase levels aspiration of duct
72
chronic pancreatitis treatment
pain management no alcohol or smoking exercise nutrition surgery
73
crohn disease patho
form of inflammatory bowel disease chronic inflammation anywhere throughout GI tract most commonly in small intestine
74
CM of Crohns disease
impaired intestinal absorption abcess malnutrition diverticulitis watery diarrhea
75
crohns diagnostics
colonoscopy swallow camera
76
crohns treatment
antibiotics diet changes surgery
77
ulcerative colitis patho
begins in rectum and ascends the descending colon ulcerations
78
UC CM
abd pain bloody diarrhea rectal bleeding
79
UC diagnostics
H&P endoscopy CBC Hemoglobin and hematocrit
80
UC treatment
cured by colectomy

Patho Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions