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Patho Exam 1 > Patho CH. 4: Altered Immunity > Flashcards

Patho CH. 4: Altered Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

SPECIFIC immune defense
Involves:

A

adaptive immunity

inflammatory response

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2
Q

NONSPECIFIC immune defense
Involves:

A

innate immunity

T and B lymphocytes

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3
Q

two types of humoral immunity

A

active and passive

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4
Q

development of antibodies to an antigen

How?

A

active immunity

specific disease or vaccine

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5
Q

immunity transfer from host to recipient

How?

A

passive immunity

From mother to infant transfer or injection of antibody

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6
Q

histames cause

A

bronchodilation

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7
Q

humoral immunity includes B lymphocyte which include these cells

A

antibodies from plasma cells
memory cells

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8
Q

primary adaptive immune response

A

activation with first recognition of specific antigen

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9
Q

secondary adaptive immune response

A

reactivation with later recognition of the same antigen

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10
Q

immunoglobulin concentrated in bodily secretion

A

IgA
breast milk, tears, saliva

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11
Q

most common immunoglobulin
second response

A

IgG

passive immunity

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12
Q

First immunoglobulin

A

IgM

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13
Q

cell mediated immunity has

A

cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD4 - class 2 MHC
helper T lymphocytes: CD8 - class 1 MHC

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14
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) only in what immunity

A

cell mediated

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15
Q

Processes of altering immune function

A

host defense failure
hypersensitivity
autoimmunity
alloimmunity

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16
Q

host defense failure examples

A

antigenic variation
viral latency
immunodeficiency

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17
Q

ex of antigenic variation

A

cold
flu

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18
Q

ex of viral latency

A

herpes zoster (shingles)
TB

they hide

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19
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity type

A

immediate

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20
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity type

A

antibody-mediated

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21
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity type

A

immune complex-mediated

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22
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity type

A

cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated

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23
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction ex and etiology

A

anaphylaxis

IgE mediated

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24
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction ex

A

reaction against normal “self” antigens

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25
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction ex
cell lysis delayed reaction
26
failure to distinguish self
autoimmunity
27
alloimmunity examples
graft rejection graft versus host disease organ rejection
28
immunosuppression treatment leads to
opportunistic infection
29
using the immune response for disease management
use pt own immune system to combat disease develop drugs to distinguish self from cancer
30
AIDS comes from
HIV infection
31
loss of CD4 T lymphocytes means
loss of cell mediated and humoral immunity
32
CD4 count diagnostic of AIDS
below 200 - AIDS and high risk for opportunistic infection above 500 - asymptomatic Below 350 - substantial immune suppression
33
AIDS CM
HA high fever white patches on tongue swollen lymph nodes heavy night sweats loss of appetite severe weight loss chronic diarrhea fatigue
34
AIDS opportunistic infections
oral candidiasis pneumocystis kaposi sarcoma
35
AIDS DC
H and P Labs
36
labs for diagnosing AIDS
detection of antibodies HIV viral load CD4 count
37
test reveals just antigens and no antibodies means
newly exposed has not yet made antibodies
38
AIDS treatment
antiretroviral therapy
39
antiretroviral therapy
suppress viral load restore immune function reduce morbidity and mortality
40
change in medications for AIDS over time
More medications made into less pill to reduce drug resistance
41
anaphylaxis patho
exaggerated SYSTEMIC immune response
42
anaphylaxis due to
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
43
triggers for anaphylaxis
insect stings food allergies drug allergies
44
response stimulated by antigen exposure in anaphylaxis
IgE mediated response
45
open and lets out
degranulation
46
degranulation of mast cells and basophils causes
dilation of vascular smooth muscle constriction of bronchial smooth muscle increase in vascular permeability
47
anaphylaxis phase 1 manifestations
difficulty breathing skin flushing and itching angioedema (vessels swell) uticaria - hives
48
anaphylaxis phase 2 CM
difficulty breathing - wheezing severe hypotension - shock (vasodilation = expansions of vessels = decreased pressure severe edema
49
anaphylaxis DC
H and P allergy testing
50
symptomatic anaphylaxis treatment
drugs to relax bronchial smooth muscle ( first is epinephrine second is steroids) drugs to constrict vascular smooth muscle limit inflammation
51
preventative anaphylaxis treatment
desensitization to allergen - allergy shots
52
SLE patho
autoimmune response response from innate and adaptive immune systems
53
SLE hypersensitivity
Type 3
54
SLE is chronic due to what persistent antigen
your own body
55
B cells produce
antibodies
56
T cells promote
inflammation
57
potential cause of SLE
virus hormones genetic predisposition drugs
58
SLE clinical manifestations
specific to organ injured by inflammation and complex deposition
59
local SLE CM areas
skin musculoskeletal pulmonary kidney
60
systemic SLE CM areas
neurologic pulmonary hematologic cardiac disease
61
conditions caused by SLE
pleuritis (lungs) myocarditis hemolytic anemia (RBC) leukopenia (increase WBC) thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets) glomerulonephritis lymphadenopathy arthritis
62
SLE DC
H and P labs
63
SLE lab
ANA - antinuclear antibodies - antibody against cell components and DNA
64
SLE treatment
Pharmacologic - antiinflammatory - antimalarial - immunosuppressants
65
Rh immunization patho
antibodies against Rh antigen attack RBCs causing hemolysis Rh negative mothers exposed to fetal Rh positive antigen
66
Rh isoimmunization hypersensitivity
type 2 cytotoxic antibody-mediated reaction
67
Rh isoimmunization CM - fetal and infant
fetal effects - anemia, edema, death infants - kernicterus, lethargy, hearing loss, cerebral palsy, learning problems
68
Rh isoimmunization DC
H and P Screening (antigen and antibody) Diagnostic testing
69
diagnostic testing for Rh
amniocentesis to measure bilirubin fetal blood sampling to determine anemia
70
Rh isoimmunization treatment
risk reduction prevention (Rh immunoglobulin) exchange transfusion to replace damaged RBC to healthy ones

Patho Exam 1 (7 decks)

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