PATHO - FINALS L3 (GI System)

Question 1

Essentially a tube that extends form the mouth to the rectum

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 2

The lumen of the duodenum does not exist

Answer 2

Duodenal Atresia

Question 2

The absence or closure of natural passages of the body

Answer 2

Atresia

Question 2

Congenital failure of development of the distal rectum and anus

Answer 2

Colonic Atresia

Question 2

The esophagus fails to develop

Answer 2

Esophageal Atresia

Question 3

HPS occurs ___ - ____ times more often in _____ children

Answer 3

1. 3-4 Times
2. Male

Question 3

The pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed because of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 3

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 4

Aberration of the normal process of intestinal rotation that exists when the intestines are not in their normal position

Answer 4

Malrotation

Question 5

A congenital disorder wherein there is no anal opening to the exterior

Answer 5

Imperforate Anus

Question 6

Burning symptoms experienced substernally as a result of the reflux of gastric acids into the esophagus

Answer 6

Heartburn

Question 6

Reconstruction of the anus most often performed to correct anal stenosis

Answer 6

Anoplasty

Question 7

Narrowing of the anal canal that causes painful bowel movements

Answer 7

Anal Stenosis

Question 8

Backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus

Answer 8

Reflux Esophagitis

Question 9

Erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

Answer 9

Peptic Ulcers

Question 10

Most likely sites of developments of Peptic Ulcers (2):

Answer 10

1. Duodenal Bulb
2. Lesser Curvature of the Stomach

Question 11

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach bowel

Answer 11

Gastroenteritis

Question 12

A group of diseases of various causes in which there is interference with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel

Answer 12

Malabsorption Syndrome

Question 13

Occurs as a result of sensitivity to Gluten

Answer 13

Celiac Disease

Question 14

Occurs when the small bowel lacks sufficient quantity of the enzyme lactase

Answer 14

Lactose Insufficiency

Question 15

Other terms for Crohn’s Disease

Answer 15

Regional Enteritis / Granulomatous Colitis

Question 16

This is an important causative factor of bowel dysfunction

Answer 16

Emotional Stress

Question 17

An inflammatory lesion of the colon mucosa with unknown etiology but is thought to be an autoimmune disease

Answer 17

Ulcerative Disease

Question 18

Acute dilatation of the colon from paralytic ileus

Answer 18

Toxic Megacolon

Question 19

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, generally resulting from obstruction of fecalith or neoplasm

Answer 19

Appencitis

Question 20

Pain in Appendicitis starts in the _____ and moves to the ________ quadrant

Answer 20

1. Epigastrium 2. Right Lower

Question 21

Protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

Answer 21

Herniation

Question 21

Other term for Herniation

Answer 21

Rupture

Question 21

Type of hernia in which an anatomical part protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 21

Hiatal Hernia

Question 22

Common in men that occurs when a bowel loop protrudes through weakness in the inguinal ring and may descend downward into the scrotum

Answer 22

Inguinal Hernia

Question 23

A cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in which a gallstone can erode from the GB and create a fistula to the small bowel

Answer 23

Gallstone Ileus

Question 24

A condition in which one segment of the intestine "telescopes" inside of another, occurring when a bowel, constricted by peristalsis, is driven further

Answer 24

Intussusception

Question 24

A twisting of a bowel loop about its mesenteric base, usually at either the sigmoid or ileocecal junction

Answer 24

Volvulus

Question 24

The condition where the motor activity of the bowel is impaired, usually without the presence of physical obstruction

Answer 24

Paralytic Ileus

Question 25

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter of the distal esophagus to relax, leading to dysphagia

Answer 25

Achalasia

Question 26

Achalasia is often radiographically described to manifest a ______ appearance

Answer 26

Beaked

Question 27

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall that prevents normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis resulting in gross dilatation

Answer 27

Hirschsprung's Disease

Question 28

Other term for Hirschsprung's Disease

Answer 28

Congenital Megacolon

Question 29

A pouch or sac of variable size that occurs normally or is created by herniation of a mucus membrane through defect in its muscular coat

Answer 29

Diverticuli

Question 30

Presence of diverticuli without inflammation

Answer 30

Diverticulosis

Question 30

Occurs when mucosal outpouching penetrates through the muscular layer of the esophagus

Answer 30

Esophageal Diverticuli

Question 31

These are lodged in the esophagus due to unintentional swallowing or poor mastication

Answer 31

Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus

Question 32

Which radiologic contrast examination is commonly used in cases of acute esophageal obstruction ?

Answer 32

Barium Swallow

Question 33

Can cause serious injury not only to the GI tract, but also to abdominal organs such as the Liver, Kidneys, Spleen, and Pancreas

Answer 33

Abdominal Trauma

Question 34

Benign tumor that can be surgically removed through thoracic or abdominal incision

Answer 34

Leiomyoma

Question 35

A cancer arising in the body of the esophagus

Answer 35

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 36

A cancer arising at the esophogastric junction

Answer 36

Adenocarcinoma

Question 37

A type of cancer with an incidence that varies by geographical area, race, diet, hereditary, and sex

Answer 37

Gastric Cancer

Question 38

Most common malignancies in male and is an adenocarcinoma

Answer 38

Cancer of the Colon

Question 39

Most common malignant tumor of the kidney with unknown etiology but chronic inflammation from obstruction, cigarette smoking, and other agents contribute to its development

Answer 39

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 40

Other term for Nephroblastoma

Answer 40

Wilm's Tumor

Question 41

Cancer of the bladder that is more common in men than in women after 50 years of age

Answer 41

Bladder Carcinoma

Question 42

Three parts of the small intestine:

Answer 42

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Question 43

What do the ff. nutrients become WHEN DIGESTED ? 1. Proteins = 2. Fats = 3. Carbohydrates =

Answer 43

1. Proteins = Amino Acids 2. Fats = Fatty Acids and Glycerol 3. Carbohydrates = Simple Sugars

Question 44

The hollow organs that make up the GI Tract include (6):

Answer 44

1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine 6. Anus

Question 44

The three layers of the GI Tract include:

Answer 44

1. Lumen 2. Muscular Layer in the Middle 3. Layer of Epithelial Cells