PATHO - MIDTERM L1 (Intro to Patho)

Question 1

Study of various pathologic conditions and its effect on radiologic procedures, techniques, and overall radiographic image.

Answer 1

Radiologic Pathology

Question 2

Study of disease that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems

Answer 2

Pathology

Question 3

A particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism

Answer 3

Disease

Question 4

Sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes

Answer 4

Pathogenesis

Question 5

Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process

Answer 5

Manifestations

Question 6

Any objective evidence of a disease that can be observed by others

Answer 6

Signs

Question 7

Subjective and apparent only to the patient

Answer 7

Symptom

Question 8

Means there are no symptoms

Answer 8

Asymptomatic

Question 9

A group of sign and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance

Answer 9

Syndrome

Question 10

Study of the cause of a disease

Answer 10

Etiology

Question 11

Acquired while the patient is in the hospital

Answer 11

Nosocomial Infection

Question 12

Adverse responses that occur from medical treatment itself

Answer 12

Iatrogenic Reactions

Question 13

Describe disease of unknown cause

Answer 13

Idiopathic

Question 14

Diseases that have quick onset and last a short period of time

Answer 14

Acute Diseases

Question 15

The study of the cause of a disease

Answer 15

Etiology

Question 16

Diseases that are present more slowly and last a very long time

Answer 16

Chronic Disease

Question 17

Determination of the diseases than an individual has

Answer 17

Diagnosis

Question 18

The prediction of the course and outcome of the disease

Answer 18

Prognosis

Question 19

The investigation of disease in large group

Answer 19

Epidemiology

Question 20

The number of cases found in a given population

Answer 20

Prevalence

Question 21

The number of new cases found in given population

Answer 21

Incidence

Question 22

Disease of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism

Answer 22

Endemic

Question 23

A disease which simultaneously affects large numbers of people in a community

Answer 23

Epidemic

Question 24

The rate of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a
population

Answer 24

Mortality Rate

Question 25

Ratio of sick to well persons in a given area; the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine

Answer 25

Morbidity Rate

Question 26

Give the Classifications of Disease

Answer 26

1. Congenital Disease 2. Hereditary Disease 3. Inflammatory Disease 4. Degenerative Disease 5. Metabolic Disease 6. Traumatic Disease 7. Neoplastic Disease

Question 27

A condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

Answer 27

Congenital Disease

Question 28

A birth defect factor made with the combination of both genetic and environmental factors

Answer 28

Multifactorial Birth Defects

Question 29

Caused by too few or too many chromosomes, or problems in the structure of the chromosomes,

Answer 29

Chromosomal Defects

Question 30

Agent that can cause a birth defect

Answer 30

Teratogen

Question 31

Birth defects may be caused by _____ or _____ factors

Answer 31

1. Genetic 2. Environmental

Question 32

It is a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically; passed on from one generation to another through defective genes

Answer 32

Hereditary Disease

Question 33

Give the Classifications of Hereditary Disease:

Answer 33

1. Sex-Linked 2. Autosomal Inheritance 3. Dominant Inheritance 4. Recessive Inheritance

Question 34

Transmitted by both parents to an offspring

Answer 34

Recessive Inheritance

Question 35

A hereditary disease caused by mutations in one of the genes that encode the hemoglobin protein.

Answer 35

Sickle Cell Diseases

Question 36

Is caused by a gene mutation that affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices wherein mucus becomes thick and sticky

Answer 36

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 37

A fatal genetic disorder that results in progressive destruction of the nervous system

Answer 37

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 38

TSD occurs from the absence of a vital enzyme called

Answer 38

Hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A)

Question 39

A well-known hereditary disease in which proper clotting is absent

Answer 39

Hemophilia

Question 40

An inherited condition that comes on in mid-life and causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, leading to a loss of brain and muscle function.

Answer 40

Huntington's Disease

Question 41

Defective genes interfere with the production of proteins necessary for healthy muscle development

Answer 41

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 42

Results from the body's reaction to a localized serious agent

Answer 42

Inflammatory Disease

Question 43

Result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi

Answer 43

Infective Disease

Question 44

Result from poisoning by biologic substances

Answer 44

Toxic Disease

Question 45

An overreaction of the body's own defenses

Answer 45

Allergic Disease

Question 46

The result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time

Answer 46

Degenerative Diseases

Question 47

Cells of the CNS stop working or die via neurodegeneration

Answer 47

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Question 48

Give the three (3) diseases commonly associated with the aging process:

Answer 48

1. Atherosclerosis 2. Osteoporosis 3. Osteoarthritis

Question 49

Degenerative diseases mostly ____ cure

Answer 49

Have no

Question 50

Any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism

Answer 50

Metabolic Diseases

Question 51

Sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body aimed for the conversion of food to energy on a cellular level

Answer 51

Metabolism

Question 52

May consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity

Answer 52

Endocrine Disorders

Question 53

The most common disturbance of fluid balance

Answer 53

Dehydration

Question 54

May result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part that may result in fractures

Answer 54

Traumatic Diseases

Question 55

Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture

Answer 55

Bruise / Contusion

Question 56

An injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin

Answer 56

Wound

Question 57

Conditions that cause tumor growth: both benign and malignant

Answer 57

Neoplastic Disease

Question 58

Pertain to non-cancerous growths

Answer 58

Benign Tumors

Question 59

Cancerous growths that can grow slowly or quickly

Answer 59

Malignant Tumors

Question 60

General term often used to denote various types of malignant neoplasms

Answer 60

Cancer

Question 61

The spread of cancer cells

Answer 61

Metastasis

Question 62

One type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue

Answer 62

Carcinoma

Question 63

Another cancer which arises from connective tissue

Answer 63

Sarcoma

Question 64

Give the primary treatment modalities for Neoplastic Diseases

Answer 64

1. Surgery 2. Chemotherapy 3. Radiation Therapy

Question 65

The goal of treatment for Neoplastic Diseases may be _____ or _____

Answer 65

1. Curative 2. Palliative

Question 66

Allows the patient to remain free of disease for 5 years or more

Answer 66

Curative

Question 67

Designed to relieve pain when curing is not possible

Answer 67

Palliative

Question 68

Genetic disease transmitted by a single gene from either parent

Answer 68

Dominant Inheritance

Question 69

A genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

Answer 69

Autosomal Inheritance

Question 70

Spina Bifida befalls under which classification of disease

Answer 70

Congenital Disease