Patho week one

Question 1

What is Pathophysiology?

Answer 1

The study of the physiologic changes in the
body resulting from a disease state

Question 2

What is the 1 lead to disease?

Answer 2

Inability to
maintain
homeostasis

Question 3

2 lead to disease

Answer 3

Microscopic
Cellular
Changes

Question 4

What is the 3rd reason for disease?

Answer 4

Widespread
impact on
bodily
function

Question 5

Sites for cellular protein synthesis

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

Synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids
Smooth ER vs. Rough ER

Answer 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 7

Processing and packaging of proteins into usable shapes,
network of smooth membranes

Answer 7

Golgi Apparatus

Question 8

Sacs contain enzymes for digestion. Cellular injury causes release of
lysosomal enzymes leading to cellular self-destruction.

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

“Powerhouse of the cell.” Generate cellular energy (ATP).
Involved in osmotic regulation, pH control, calcium homeostasis & cellular signaling

Question 10

Cellular Receptors

Answer 10

Ligands - Small molecules that bind with cellular receptors to activate

Question 11

Cellular Receptors

Answer 11

Plasma membrane receptors- Protein molecules that can recognize and bind with ligands

Question 12

Atrophy

Answer 12

Decrease in cellular size

Question 13

Hypertrophy

Answer 13

Increase in cellular size

Question 14

Hyperplasia

Answer 14

Increase in number of cells

Question 15

Dysplasia

Answer 15

Deranged cellular growth

Question 16

Metaplasia

Answer 16

Replacement of one type of cell with another

Question 17

When does Cellular Injury occur?

Answer 17

Occurs if cell unable to maintain
homeostasis

Question 18

External Causes of Cell Injury

Answer 18

1.Physical Agents
2. Radiation
3. Chemical
4. Biological
5. Nutritional

Question 19

What in injury is the single most common cause of cellular injury
▫ Issue: Cells cannot produce energy (ATP)

Answer 19

Hypoxic injury

Question 20

Reduced amount of oxygen in the air causes what?

Answer 20

Causes hypoxia

Question 21

Diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems causes what?

Answer 21

Causes of hypoxia

Question 22

Decreased production of red blood cells causes what?

Answer 22

Causes of hypoxia

Question 23

Loss of hemoglobin or decreased efficacy
of hemoglobin causes what?

Answer 23

Causes of hypoxia

Question 24

What percentage of total body weight is ICF and ECF

Answer 24

– ICF 2/3
– ECF 1/3

Question 25

WHAT DOES ONOTIC MEAN?

Answer 25

Mean to pull

Question 26

What does hydrostatic mean?

Answer 26

TO push out

Question 27

Which hormonal regulation promotes water retention

Answer 27

--RAAS --Aldosterone --ADH or antidiuretic hormone

Question 28

What hormone regulation promotes water excretion?

Answer 28

--Natriuretic

Question 29

What is triggered by dehydration? -Osmoreceptors -volume receptors -baroreceptors -Chemoreceptors

Answer 29

-Osmoreceptors -volume receptors -baroreceptors

Question 30

How does the RAAS System respond to dehydration?

Answer 30

1) ↓ Circulating blood volume causes decreased blood flow to kidney 2) ADH released by posterior pituitary 3) Renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney ...converts Angiotensinogen → Angiotensin I 4) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) supplied by the lungs ...converts Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II Which then stimulates the release of aldosterone

Question 31

What measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of molecules per weight of water?

Answer 31

Osmolality

Question 32

Range of isotonic solution 0 - 1000

Answer 32

280 - 294

Question 33

What does Isotonic fluid loss cause? and how to treat it?

Answer 33

Hypovolemia or dehydration Treat with isotonic fluids

Question 34

What doe isotonic fluid excess cause? How do you treat it?

Answer 34

Hypervolemia Treat with fluid restriction

Question 35

What are symptoms of Hypervolemia?

Answer 35

Weight gain and higher blood pressure Pulmonary edema and crackles heard in lungs Increased neck veins

Question 36

On the PH scale do acids or alkaline have more hydrogens?

Answer 36

Acids

Question 37

What device uses x-ray technology to visualize contrast dye move through blood vessels?

Answer 37

Angiogram

Question 38

What device produces complex images from multiple angles using x-ray tech

Answer 38

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

Question 39

What device provides detailed image of soft tissue using radio waves and magnet tech

Answer 39

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 40

What device uses radioactive tracer highlights normal and abnormal metabolic activity

Answer 40

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

Question 41

What device is non-invasive tool to create images of soft tissue and blood vessels:

Answer 41

Ultrasound or sonography

Question 42

What device Combines Ultrasound and Doppler technology to show blood flow?

Answer 42

Duplex Ultrasonography