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Perio 1 2020 > Pathogenesis 9/28/16 > Flashcards

Pathogenesis 9/28/16 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the host immuno-inflammatory response release?

A
  • Cytokines
  • Prostanoids
  • Antibody
  • PMNs
  • MMPs
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2
Q

What does the microbial challenge release?

A
  • Antigens
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Other virulence factors
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3
Q

What line do macrophages come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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4
Q

What line do peripheral dendritic cells come from?

A

myeloid stem cells

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5
Q

What line do PMNs come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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6
Q

What line does mast cells come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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7
Q

What line does erythrocytes come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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8
Q

What are the principal responses from the inflammatory process?

A
  • Tissue injury
  • Blood vessel dilation and increased permeability to plasma
  • Circulating WBC adhere to walls of altered blood vessels
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9
Q

How do WBC get through vessel walls and to an area of injury?

A

Chemotaxis

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10
Q

What do WBC do when they reach an area of injury?

A

Induce phagocytosis of foreign material and tissue debri

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11
Q

Why do tissues swell during the inflammatory process?

A

-Plasma leakage

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12
Q

What causes pain in the inflammatory process?

A

-The increased fluid in tissues and effect of chemicals on sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

What releases Histamine?

A

-Mast cells during inflammation

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14
Q

What releases chemotactic factors?

A

-Mast cells during inflammation

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15
Q

What releases TNF alpha?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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16
Q

What releases Leukotrienes?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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17
Q

What releases prostaglandins?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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18
Q

What releases interleukins 3,4,5,6?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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19
Q

What is the effect of histamine?

A

Dilation and increase of permeability of small blood vessels

-constriction of bronchi

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20
Q

What are the effects of chemotactic factors?

A

-Eosinophil and PMN chemotaxis

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21
Q

What are the effects of TNF alpha?

A
  • Recruitment of granulocytes to area of inflammation

- Inducement of fever

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22
Q

What happens to positive acute phase proteins in response to inflammation?

A

-Increase

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23
Q

What happens to negative acute-phase proteins in response to inflammation?

A

-Decrease

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24
Q

What causes the epithelial cells to modify and secrete ICAM-1 and ICAM-2?

A

Interleukin 8

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25
What type of plasma proteins increase due to microbial infections?
- C-reactive protein - Fibrinogen - Complement
26
What protein shows a 2-5 fold increased risk for a Myocardial Infarction?
-C-reactive protein
27
What is complement protein activated by?
-Antigen-Antibody interaction with IgG and IgM
28
Where is complement protein synthesized?
- Liver | - Small intestine
29
In both the specific and non-specific pathway what enzyme allows you to make C3?
-C3 convertase enzyme
30
What does C3 do?
Activate inflammation and opsonization
31
What does C3a do?
Activate inflammation
32
What does C3b do?
activate opsonization
33
What two proteins activate inflammation?
C3a | C5a
34
What does C5 lead to?
-A cascade leading to cell lysis besides C5a
35
What causes most of the damage in periodontal disease?
-Fibroblast
36
T/F | The PMN is considered a terminal cell
True
37
What are three activities of PMNs?
- Phagocytosis - Release of enzymes - Release of chemical mediators
38
How does the PMN stick to endothelium?
- Selectins | - Adhesins
39
After the PMN sticks to the endothelium what happens?
Squeezes through endothelium (diapedesis)
40
After the PMN squeezes through the endothelium what happens?
- Chemotaxis - Kills bacteria by phagocytosis - Dies
41
What do macrophages/monocytes release that attract Neutrophils?
- Leukotriene B4 | - IL-8
42
What causes the localized damage?
the release of chemical mediators from PMNs
43
What keeps the damage localized?
TIMPS
44
What are two examples of receptors that PMNs have?
- Laminin | - Fibronectin
45
What antibody receptors does PMN recognize?
- Fc | - C3b
46
What do you find on the internal part of the endothelium that were stimulated by complement and IL-8?
- ICAM 1 - ICAM2 - ELAM
47
What do dying anaerobic bacteria release that can stimulate the monocyte?
LPS
48
What do microbes release that activate the mast cells?
C3a
49
What is the most important chemoattractant for PMNs?
F-Met
50
T/F | In aggressive periodontitis the NADPH is defective
True
51
What do you find in the Azurophilic granules (primary granules)?
- Defensins - Elastase - Cathepsin G
52
What do you find in the specific granules (secondary granules)?
- Collagenase - lactoferrin - lysozyme - cathelicidin
53
What do you find in the tertiary granules?
- Cathepsin | - Gelatinase
54
What type of exudate do you find in a chronic infection?
Yellow exudate
55
What type of exudate do you find in an acute infection?
Green exudate
56
T/F | PMNs have both oxidative and non-oxidative to kill bacteria
True
57
What type of environment do you find in the periodontal pocket?
-Anaerobic environment
58
What is the primary cell found in the exudate?
PMNs
59
What are the main cells of the immune system?
-Lymphoid stem cell
60
What percent of the total serum is IgG?
80-85%
61
What is the half life of IgG?
21 days
62
What percent of the total serum is IgM?
5-10%
63
What is the half life of IgM?
10 days
64
What percent of total serum is IgA?
10%
65
What is the half life of IgA?
6 days
66
What percent of total serum is IgD?
Less than 1%
67
What is the half life if IgD?
3 days
68
What percent is the total serum of IgE?
less than .01%
69
What is the half life of IgE?
2 days
70
What is the main Ig that you find in saliva?
IgA
71
T/F | The IgA is resistant to enzymatic degradation
True
72
When you see an antibody a second time what immunoglobulin responds very well?
IgG
73
Where does LPS come from?
Bacteria
74
What stimulates the macrophage?
LPS binds the LBP that is recognized by the CD14 receptor
75
What does the macrophage release?
- TNF alpha - MMP - IL-1B - PGE2
76
What is PGE2 directly involved in?
Alveolar bone resorption
77
What stimulates the fibroblast?
IL-1b | TNF-alpha
78
What does CD4 bind to?
MHC class II
79
What does CD8 bind to?
MHC class I

Perio 1 2020 (9 decks)

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