Systemic 10/18/16

Question 1

What are four things done to perform gene therapy?

Answer 1

• Gene insertion therapy
• Liposomes
• Antisense
• Methylation

Question 2

T/F

Single gene diseases may be amenable to such treatement

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Are most diseases with a genetic component as the basis multifactorial or unifactorial?

Answer 3

Multifactorial

Question 4

Defects and polymorphisms increase the risk for what?

Answer 4

Periodontitis

Question 5

If the Fc receptors are defective what can occur?

Answer 5

Periodontitis

Question 6

If you have a high IgG2 level what can occur?

Answer 6

Periodontitis

Question 7

What do caucasian male non-smoker what will they have increased levels of if they have periodontal disease?

Answer 7

Higher levels of IL-1

Question 8

What is another name for PGE2?

Answer 8

COX 1

Question 9

If you have high levels of PGE2 or COX 1 production what can occur?

Answer 9

Periodontitis

Question 10

Where does arachidonic acid come from?

Answer 10

Cell membrane

Question 11

What breaks down arachidonic acid?

Answer 11

COX 1

Question 12

If you have receptor polymorphisms what can occur?

Answer 12

Periodontitis

Question 13

What are three things that lead to damaged tissue?

Answer 13

• Bacterial infection
• Wound healing
• Inflammation

Question 14

T/F

Fibroblasts can be changed by epigenetics

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is it called if you have an alteration in the proteins associated with DNA?

Answer 15

-Epigenetics

Question 16

What protein is DNA bound to?

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

T/F

DNA exists in a naked state

Answer 17

False

DNA never exists in a naked state

Question 18

What are the two main components of the epigenetic code?

Answer 18

• DNA methylation

- Histone modification

Question 19

What can cause histone modification?

Answer 19

• Bacteria

- Host response

Question 20

T/F

Bacteria can perform DNA methylation

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What do bacteria use as a main mechanism to turn on and off transcription?

Answer 21

-DNA methylation

Question 22

What can widespread methylation do?

Answer 22

-Silence gene transcription

Question 23

What is required for histone modification?

Answer 23

• Histone acetylases

- Histone deacetylases

Question 24

What is an example of a gene in the pancreas that can display histone modifications?

Answer 24

-Insulin gene

Question 25

What are three factors that can change the epigenetics before birth?

Answer 25

- Maternal factors - Toxins - In Utero nutrition

Question 26

When you are born you have an epigenotype. What are four things that can effect the epigenotype?

Answer 26

- Diet - Aging - Toxins/drugs - Illness

Question 27

T/F | The epigenotype of an adults can lead to diseases

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the result of including folic acid in the diet of pregnant women?

Answer 28

It can decreases incidence of spinal bifida

Question 29

What are some common diseases caused by epigenetics?

Answer 29

- Bladder cancer | - Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

How does smoking effect epigenetics?

Answer 30

-It can down regulate methyl transferase

Question 31

What causes bladder cancer?

Answer 31

Increased methylation of promoter site

Question 32

What causes rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 32

Less methylation at IL-6 promoter site

Question 33

T/F | Some antibiotics can help stop epigenetic changes

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are chronic ulcers in diabetic patients caused by?

Answer 34

-Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases

Question 35

Where does LPS come from?

Answer 35

Gram (-) organism

Question 36

What does Doxycycline do?

Answer 36

Reduce MMP (collagenase) activity

Question 37

What can Doxycycline do for diabetic patients?

Answer 37

Reduce Chronic ulcers

Question 38

How is doxycycline related to anti-inflammatory processes?

Answer 38

It is an antibiotic that has anti-inflammatory processes

Question 39

What does doxycycline do to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines?

Answer 39

Inhibits

Question 40

What does doxycycline do to MMP activity?

Answer 40

Inhibits

Question 41

What does minocycline do to PMN migration and chemotaxis?

Answer 41

Suppression migration

Question 42

How does a macrolid relate to inflammation?

Answer 42

- Supress amount of PMNs - Reduce chemotaxis - Decreases IL-8

Question 43

What were tetracyclines shown to inhibit?

Answer 43

- MMP 8 and 9 - Decrease elastin degration - Inhibit LPS production

Question 44

What antibiotic effects IL-8?

Answer 44

Macrolids

Question 45

Where would you use antibiotics for an anti-inflammatory treatment along with normal periodontal disease control?

Answer 45

-Diabetics

Question 46

What do you use to inhibit arachidonic acid production?

Answer 46

- NSAIDS | - Triclosan

Question 47

What can NSAIDS do?

Answer 47

inhibit arachidonic acid production

Question 48

T/F | Oral hygiene is only important to oral health

Answer 48

False | Important to overall health

Question 49

T/F | Oral care has a link to cardiovascular health

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T/F | Periodontal care will prevent or resolve systemic health problems

Answer 50

False | We just know they are related

Question 51

T/F | A pregnant women with bad periodontal disease may have an increased risk for low birth weight/pre-term labor.

Answer 51

True