Pathological Process

Question 1

Disease that results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent

Answer 1

Inflammatory disease

Question 2

Invasion by microorganisms

Answer 2

Infective disease
(Inflammatory)

Question 3

Poisoning by biologic substances

Answer 3

Toxic diseases
(Inflammatory)

Question 4

Overreaction of body’s own defences

Answer 4

Allergic diseases
(Inflammatory)

Question 5

-dilation of arteries, capillaries, and venules
-leads to increased blood flow to the site of injury and increased heat and redness

Answer 5

Inflammatory reaction:

The earliest response to local injury

Question 6

What are the 4 classifications of inflammation?

Answer 6

1. Duration (acute or chronic)
2. Etiology (infectious, chemical, physical, immune cause)
3. Location (localized or widespread)
4. Pathologic feature (serous, fibrinous, purulent)

Question 7

Early stage of most inflammation
Ex. Pneumonia, viral infection of skin vesicles in herpes virus infection, joint swelling in rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 7

Serous inflammation

Question 8

A form of inflammation which characterized by fibrin deposition. It may be acute, but more often it is a chronic response
Ex. Fibrinous pericarditis

Answer 8

Fibrinous inflammation

Question 9

The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of pus (contains dead WBCs, inflammatory exudate and bacteria)
Ex. Purulent tracheobronchitis

Answer 9

Purulent inflammation

Question 10

Formation of an ulcer over an area of inflammation
Ex. Ulcerative colitis

Answer 10

Ulcerative inflammation

Question 11

A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue

Answer 11

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 12

What does the granuloma consist of?

Answer 12

-lymphocytes
-epithelioid cells (macrophages)
-multinucleated giant cells

Question 13

The scientific discipline concerned with cancer

Answer 13

Oncology

Question 14

The uncontrolled growth of cells

Answer 14

Neoplasia

Question 15

T/F
Not all neoplasms form tumors

Answer 15

True
Ex. Leukemia

Question 16

Swellings, can be benign or malignant

Answer 16

Tumors
(Not all swellings are neoplasms)

Question 17

Disease that results in new, abnormal tissue growth

Answer 17

Neoplastic disease

Question 18

What are some examples of neoplastic disease?

Answer 18

-lesions
-benign neoplasms
-malignant neoplasms
-metastatic spread

Question 19

Tumor cells invade/penetrate blood vessels, traveling as neoplastic embolism in the blood

Answer 19

Hematogenous spread

Question 20

Major metastatic route of carcinomas, especially those of the lung and breast

Answer 20

Lymphatic spread

Question 21

Occurs when neoplasms invade a natural body cavity (ex. A tumour of the GI tract may penetrate the wall of the gut, permitting metastases to enter the peritoneal cavity and implant at distant sites)

Answer 21

Seeding (diffuse spread)

Question 22

Adeno

Answer 22

Gland

Question 23

Angio

Answer 23

Vascular

Question 24

Chondro

Answer 24

Cartilage

Question 25

Fibro

Answer 25

Fibrous tissue

Question 26

Hemangio

Answer 26

Blood vessels

Question 27

Lipo

Answer 27

Adipose tissue

Question 28

Myo

Answer 28

Muscle

Question 29

Neuro

Answer 29

Nerve

Question 30

Osteo

Answer 30

Bone

Question 31

What are some EXOGENOUS (external) causes of cancer?

Answer 31

-chemical (cigarette smoke) -physical (tar) -biologic (viruses)

Question 32

What are some ENDOGENOUS (internal) causes of cancer?

Answer 32

-oncogenes -tumor suppressor genes not functioning properly (normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or trigger apoptosis)

Question 33

A gene that has the potential to cause cancer

Answer 33

Oncogenes

Question 34

Diseases present at birth; result from genetic or environmental factors

Answer 34

Congenital disease

Question 35

Caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes Ex. Hemophilia (blood clotting disease)

Answer 35

Hereditary

Question 36

Disease in which the body forms antibodies that injure patients own tissues

Answer 36

Autoimmune disease

Question 37

T/F Not all autoimmune diseases are hereditary, but a number are genetic

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Disease caused by a deterioration of the body -may occur following traumatic injury, regardless of age -process of aging -factors affecting the rate of aging Ex. Atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis

Answer 38

Degenerative disease

Question 39

Disease caused by the disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body Ex. Endocrine disorders and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Answer 39

Metabolic disease

Question 40

Disease that may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the body

Answer 40

Traumatic disease