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Infectious Diseases > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

(84 cards)

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0
Q

Systemic signs

A 
Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Weakness
Headache
Nausea
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1
Q

Local signs

A 
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Warmth
Pus with bacterial infection
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2
Q

Possible complication infection

A

Septic shock

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3
Q

4 diagnostic tests infections

A

Culture/staining
Blood test
Stool test
Radiography

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4
Q

Which pathology likely test radiography

A

Tuberculosis

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5
Q

3 signs in a blood test

A

Bacterial infection - leukocytosis
Viral infection - leukopenia
High ESR

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6
Q

Describe cellulitis

A

Diffuse bacterial skin infection resulting in inflammation of dermal/subcutaneous layers

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7
Q

Description of erysipelas

A

More superficial than cellulitis
Bacterial infection of dermis and upper subcutaneous layer
Presents with well defined edge

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8
Q

Often hard to distinguish between erysipelas and cellulitis because

A

Often co-exist

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9
Q

Cause cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Bacterial - staphylococcus aureus
Enter skin through minor trauma, eczema, ulcers
Often originates from subjects own strep bacteria in nasal passages

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10
Q

Symptoms cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Very red inflamed skin
Fever
General illness

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11
Q

Complications cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Fatal without antibiotics

Danger of necrosis

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12
Q

Diagnosis cellulitis/ erysipelas

A

Microbe analysis

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13
Q

Differential diagnosis cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Contact dermatitis

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14
Q

What is impetigo

A

Very infectious skin infection

Common in infants

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15
Q

Cause impetigo

A

Bacterial :

Staph or haemolytic strep

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16
Q

Transmission impetigo

A

Very contagious
Spread by direct contact or
Indirect contact via eating utensils or towels

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17
Q

Symptoms impetigo

A

Pustules with round oozing patches
Grow larger daily
Clear blisters or yellow crusts
Mostly affects face, hands, skin folds

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18
Q

Complications impetigo

A

Glomeruloneohritis

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19
Q

What is candida oral

A

Mycosis of mucous tissues

Mostly Candida albicans or related yeasts

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20
Q

Transmission oral candida

A

Direct contact

Indirect contact - toothbrush, towels etc

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21
Q

Symptoms Candida oral

A

Localised inflammation of mucous tissues

Often after antibiotics/immune compromised patients

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22
Q

Complications candida oral

A

Can go systemic in immune compromised patients

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23
Q

How to prevent candida oral

A

Immune stimulation
Strengthening residential flora
Good hygiene

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24
Genital candida triggers
``` Antibiotics OCP Diabetes Pregnancy Immune disorders General illness ```
25
Symptoms genital candida
``` Genital perineal itch Irritation Thick discharge Inflammation Dysuria ```
26
Diagnosis candida genital
Physical exam for inflammation /discharge | Fungal culture/analysis
27
Differential diagnosis genital candida
Genital herpes | UTI or bacterial vaginosis
28
Allopathic treatment genital candida
Antifungals | Preventative pessary once a month
29
Complications genital candida
Can become systemic if immune compromised
30
4 ways to prevent genital candida
Wipe front to back Avoid douches - vagina self cleaning Avoid soap, fragrances or antiseptic directly on vagina Avoid tight underwear
31
What is diphtheria
Highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection primarily in nose and throat
32
Cause diphtheria
Bacterial | Corynebacterium diphtheriae
33
Transmission diphtheria
Droplet transmission
34
Symptoms diphtheria
Sore throat Fever Swollen cervical lymph nodes Grey membrane (necrosis) across tonsils/pharynx/nose
35
Diagnosis diphtheria
Throat culture
36
Prognosis diphtheria
5-10% fatality
37
Incubation time diphtheria
2-5 days
38
Complications diphtheria
Exotoxins - cause systemic often life-threatening complications Damage heart muscle causing failure Paralyse breathing muscles Necrotic membrane can form deep in throat blocking airways
39
Allopathic treatment diphtheria
Emergency! Antitoxins, antibiotics Respirator DPT vaccine
40
What is scarlet fever
Infectious disease resulting from exotoxins released by strep bacteria
41
Scarlet fever characterised by
Sore throat High temperature Rash Strawberry tongue
42
Scarlet fever usually in,y occurs in
Children
43
Prognosis scarlet fever
Full recovery is usual
44
Transmission scarlet fever
Droplet transmission
45
Cause scarlet fever
Strep pyogenes (bacterial)
46
Incubation time scarlet fever
3-4 days
47
Symptoms scarlet fever
``` Sore throat Fever Scarlet rash (blanches under pressure unlike meningitis) Strawberry tinge - pale coat, red spots General illness ```
48
Complications scarlet fever
Lung infection | Rheumatic fever
49
Herpes cause
Herpes simplex virus type 1
50
Transmission herpes
Direct contact or indirect | Saliva - can be present weeks after symptoms
51
Symptoms herpes
Painful lesions around mouth/nose that ulcerated, scab then heal Virus dormant in trigeminal nerve Re-occurrence triggered by stress, infection, sun etc
52
Complications herpes
Spreading to eyes
53
What is chicken pox
Highly infectious viral disease mostly in children
54
Cause chicken pox
Varicella-zoster virus
55
Incubation time chicken pox
2-3 weeks
56
Transmission chicken pox
Droplet infection | Also through air
57
Symptoms chicken pox
2 weeks duration Fever Exanthema - vesicular eruptions on skin
58
Complications chicken pox
Infection from scratching | Encephalitis
59
What is shingles
Infection by varicella zoster virus after chicken pox infection
60
Cause shingles
Varicella zoster virus
61
Symptoms shingles
Severe pain Paraesthesia Vesicular rash on one side of body following nerves
62
Complications chicken pox
Neuralgia
63
What is whooping cough
Infectious disease with coughing attacks where desperate attempt to breathe makes hooping sound - happens only 50% of time
64
Cause whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis - bacteria
65
Incubation time whooping cough
7-14 days
66
Transmission whooping cough
Droplet infection
67
Whooping cough symptoms
Starts like cold 1-2 weeks Then cough that won't go Cough gets worse and presents with attacks 3-6 weeks
68
Complications whooping cough
Pneumonia
69
Allopathic treatment whooping cough
Immunisation - DPT VACCINE diphtheria Pertussis (whooping cough) Tetanus
70
What is tuberculosis
Infection usually caused by pathogenic bacteria - mycobacterium tuberculosis
71
Tuberculosis primarily affects the
Lungs
72
Tuberculosis also affects the
``` CNS Lymph Circulation Genitourinary Bones Joints Skin ```
73
Why does tuberculosis primarily affect the respiratory system
Because it's highly aerobic, requires high oxygen levels for growth.
74
Why is tuberculosis on the increase
One reason the bacterium v resistant even to some disinfectants
75
Transmission tuberculosis
Droplet Inspiration of dust, dry excretions Contaminated milk Immunity of the patient plays an important role
76
Tuberculosis symptoms
Can vary due to different organs affected | Pulmonary TB : fever, cough, night sweats, feeling severely ill, high ESR, leukocytosis, weight loss, anorexia
77
Allopathic treatments TB
Antibiotics for 6 months | Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
78
Why is TB one of leading causes of death in the world
One third of worlds population are carriers | Disease can become active in times of lowered immunity
79
What is measles
Acute and v infectious disease mainly in children
80
Cause measles
Measles virus
81
Incubation time measles
11 days
82
Transmission measles
Droplet infection
83
Diagnosis measles
Blood test

Infectious Diseases (5 decks)

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