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Heme and lymph Kaplan > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is associated with which virus

A

EBV

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2
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is associated with which virus

A

HIV

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3
Q

CD positivity of Reed-Sternberg cells

A

CD30/CD15

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4
Q

Name all the 4 subtypes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A
  • Lymphocyte predominance
  • Nodular sclerosis
  • Mixed cellularity
  • Lymphocyte depletion
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5
Q

Most common subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosis

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6
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtype with the worst prognosis

A

Lymphocyte depletion

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7
Q

Genetic alteration that leads to development of mantle cell lymphoma

A

t(11;14) translocation links immunoglobulin heavy chain to cyclin D1, promoting G1/S transition in the cell cycle

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8
Q

Genetic alteration that leads to development of follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18) translocation brings bcl-2 close to immunoglobulin heavy chain

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9
Q

Non-Hodking’s lymphoma that is endemic in Japan

A

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

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10
Q

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma is associated with infection with which virus

A

HTLV-1

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11
Q

Histopathologic findings in mycosis fungoides

A

Epidermal and dermal infiltrates by neoplastic T (CD4+) cells with cerebriform nuclei

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12
Q

What are Russell bodies

A

Acidophilic aggregates of immunoglobulin that are seen in BM biopsy in multiple myeloma

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13
Q

RBC adopt which conformation in multiple myeloma

A

Rouleaux formation

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14
Q

Musculoskeletal characteristic of multiple myeloma

A

“punched-out” osteolytic lesions seen in x-ray

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15
Q

Elevated immunoglobulin in Wäldenstrom macroglobulinemia

A

IgM

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16
Q

Most likely leukemia to involve CNS

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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17
Q

Predominant cell type in ALL

A

Pre-B cell

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18
Q

Diagnostic surface marker in ALL

A

CD10 (CALLA)

*Good prognosis

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19
Q

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) positivity is seen in which type of leukemia

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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20
Q

Peripheral smear finding in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Smudge cells

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21
Q

Predominant cell type in CLL

A

CD5 B cell

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22
Q

Mature B cell tumor that expresses tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

A

Hairy-cell leukemia

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23
Q

Treatment for hairy-cell leukemia

A

2-chloro-deoxyadneosine (2CdA), an apoptosis inducer

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24
Q

Translocation seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

t(1;12)

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25
What are Auer rods
Myeloperoxidase + cytoplasmic inclusions within granulocytes seen in acute myelogenous leukemia, most commonly in M3 subtype (promyelocytic)
26
Surface markers of Langerhans cells that are positive in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
S-100 and CD1a
27
What are Birbeck granules
Tennis racquet-shaped cytoplasmic organelles seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
28
Teardrop cells can be found in which pathology
Myelofibrosis
29
Abnormal protein in myeloproliferative disorders (except CML)
JAK2
30
Defect seen in hemoglobin C
Lysine replaces glutamic acid at position 6
31
Defect seen in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobniuria
Mutated GPI cannot bind DAF (CD55), thereby there is no inhibition of the complement cascade, causing hemolysis
32
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to warm agglutinins is seen in which pathologies
* SLE * CLL * Drugs (alpha methyldopa)
33
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to cold agglutinins is seen in which pathologies
* CLL * Mycoplasma pneumoniae * Infectious mononucleosis
34
Process of direct Coombs
Anti-IgG antibody is added to the patient's blood
35
Process of indirect Coombs
Normal RBCs are added to the patient's serum
36
Defect seen in Bernar-Soulier disease
Decreased Gp1b
37
Defect seen in Glanzmann thrombastenia
Decreased Gp2b/3a
38
What antibodies are seen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Antibodies against Gp2b/3a
39
Signs and symptoms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Pentad: * Thrombocytopenic purpura * Fever * Renal failure * Neurologic changes * Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
40
Laboratory findings in von Willebrand Factor deficiency
Increased bleeding time and increased PTT (because vWF stabilized factor 8)
41
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with which HLAs
HLA-DR3/4
42
Autoantibodies associated with CREST syndrome
Anticentromere antibodies
43
Signs and symptoms of CREST syndrome
* Calcinosis * Raynaud's * Esophageal dysmotility * Sclerodactily * Telangiectasia
44
Autoantibodies associated with scleroderma
Anti-ScL-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase 1)
45
Autoantibodies associated with dermatomyositis and polymyositis
Anti-Jo-1
46
Autoantibodies associated with mixed connective tissue disease (RA + SLE)
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
47
Autoantibodies associated with autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-smooth muscle
48
Pathophysyology of hyper IgM syndrome
Inability to switch due to defective CD40L on helper T cells
49
Signs and symptoms of hyper IgM syndrome
* Recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections * Lymphoid hyperplasia * Sinopulmonary infections
50
Antibodies to which molecule are already present in graft hyperacute rejection
Anti-ABO
51
Pathophysiologic mechanism that causes damage in graft hyperacute rejection
Complement activation
52
Histopathologic findings in chronic graft rejection
* Chronic delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in vessel wall * Intimal smooth muscle proliferation * Vessel occlusion
53
Histopathologic finding in chronic kidney rejection
Obliterative vascular fibrosis (antibody mediated)
54
Complement molecule that is decreased in C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
C4
55
Pathophysiology of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
Host antibodies against donor HLA antigens and WBCs ocurring within 1 to 6 hours
56
Pathophysiology of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
* Intravscular: ABO incompatibility | * Extravscular: foreign antigen on donor RBCs
57
Pathophysiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury
Donor antileukocyte antibodies against recipient neutrophils and pulmonary endothelial cells
58
Molecular deficiency that leads to Job syndrome
STAT3 deficiency, leads to deficiency of Th17
59
Most common abnormality in severe combined immunodeficiency
Defective IL-2R
60
Signs and symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia
* Cerebellar defects (ataxia) * Spider angiomas * IgA deficiency
61
IgG subtypes that are decreased in ataxia-telangiectasia
IgG2/4
62
Content of platelet dense granules
* ADP | * Calcium
63
Contente of platelet alpha granules
* vWF * Fibrinogen * Fibronectin
64
Developmental age when fetal hemoglobin replaces all embryonic hemoglobin
14 weeks
65
Formula for corrected reticulocyte count
% reticulocytes x (patient hct/normal hct) *Normal respone is more than 2%
66
Macrocytic non-megaloblastic anemia that appears during the first year of life due to an intrinsic defect in erythroid progenitor cells
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
67
Diagnostic laboratory finding in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
CD55/59 - RBCs on flow cytometry
68
Triad of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
* Coombs - hemolytic anemia * Pancytopenia * Venous thrombosis
69
Mechanism of cellular damage in iron poisoning
Peroxidation of membrane lipids
70
Pathology that can develop a Richter transformation
CLL, can transform into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
71
Microorganisms that can undergo antigenic variation
* Salmonella * Borrelia * N. gonorrhoeae * Influenza, HIV, HCV * Trypanosomes
72
Normal process of lymphocytes that is out of control in Reed-Sternberg cells
Somatic hypermutation
73
Translocation that yields a better prognosis for patients with ALL
t(12;21) - CALLA (CD10)
74
What is the function of the product of c-Myc
A protein that functions as a transcription activator controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
75
Most common type of brain tumor in children
Pilocytic astrocytoma
76
Biopsy findings of a pilocytic astrocytoma
* Pilocytic astrocytes with bundles of GFAP-positive hairlike processes * Rosenthal fibers
77
Cytogenetic abnormality associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia
t(15;17)

Heme and lymph Kaplan (3 decks)

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