Pathology bone Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is Amelia?
Genetic abnormality in which animal is born without limbs & there is no underlying cause
What is polydactyly?
Genetic abnormality in which there are to many toes and there is no underlying cause
What is osteopetrosis?
inherited defect in osteoclastic resorption resulting in too dense medullary bone and to thin cortical bone
What are some of the causes for osteopetrosis?
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
Feline leukemia
Avian leucosis virus
What is craniomandibular osteopathy?
“Lion Jaw”
Bilateral symmetrical thickening of mandible, occipital, temporal bones, +/- tympanic bullaw
What is the lesion associated with craniomandibular osteopathy and who does it normally affect?
proliferation of bone
Seen in dogs less than 1 year of age and may spontaneously regress
What is craniomandibular osteopathy associated with in Irish setters? Terriers?
Canine leukocyte adhesion disease
Autosomal recessive gene
What is chondrodysplasia (chondrodystrophy)
associated with inheritable defect in growth plate cartilage (at the physis & articular epiphyseal cartilage complex) resulting in premature growth plate closure leading to shortened long bones that are normal in width
What gene mutation is associated with chondrodysplasia (chondrodystrophy) and what is the gene supposed to do? What happens when there is a mutation
FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor) gene that regulates cartilage growth. With the mutation it either inhibits or increases growth plate cartilage production
What is Spider lamb chondrodysplasia?
Excessive proliferation of growth cartilage that is very disorganized
What is Osteochondrosis?
Failure or delay of endochondral ossification in the metaphyseal growth plate, epiphyseal cartilage
What is the mechanism of osteochondrosis?
Multifactoral
- Genetics
- Rapid growth
- no vascular invasion then the cartilage fails to mineralize
- traumatic injury
What is pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis?
1) vascular necrosis which causes ischemic damage to the cartilage
2) as the growth front approaches the primary spongyosa zone of mineralization those spicules of cartilage will not by mineralized
3) We get detained cores of unmineralized cartilage
4) The retained core of unmineralized cartilage is susceptible to traumatic damage & it will flap off
What stage is osteonecrosis latency?
When osteochondrosis only produces a microscopic lesion that you can’t see with the naked eye. (Pathogenesis steps 1-2)
What stage is osteoporosis manifesto?
Once the lesion gets to the mineralization front & produces a visible lesion, which is retained core of cartilage (pathogenesis step 3).
What stage is osteochondrosis dissecans?
When unmineralized cartilage is susceptible to traumatic damage & it flaps off (Pathogenesis step 4)
What is cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy?
Wobblers Syndrome
An abnormal development of the cervical vertebrae which leads to either static or dynamic spinal cord compression
What is Static spinal cord compression and what vertebra are typically affected?
Compressed all the time no matter what position the horse is in
C5-C6, C6-C-7
What is Dynamic spinal cord compression and what vertebra are typically affected?
Compression changes during flexion vs. extension
C3-C4, C4-C5
What is Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy associated with
osteoporosis of the cervical facets (the articulating portion of the vertebral bodies)
What is osteoporosis?
Reduction in bone density that leads to a fracture
What is the difference between osteoporosis & osteopenia.
Osteoporosis is the reduction of bone density that leads to a fracture while osteopenia is a reduction in bone mass without clinical disease
What are some causes of Osteoporosis?
Malnutrition (not enough calcium & phosphorus)
Immobilization (disuse osteoporosis)
Dietary calcium deficiency
Senile osteoporosis
Excess glucocorticoids
What is Fibrous osteodystrophy?
Excessive resorption of bone due to PTH & replaced with fibrous connective tissue
