Pathology of DM Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the 2 types of DM?
Type I and Type II
What is the arrangement of tissue in the pancreas?
Acinus
What are present in pancreas histology?
Islet of langerhans
What do islets of langerhan make up?
Endocrine pancreas
What do B cells secrete?
Insulin
What type of cell are most cells in islet of Langerhans?
B cells
Where do B cells secrete insulin?
Into the capillaries
What stimulates the release of insulin?
Intake of food
Converted to glucose
Stimulates insulin production
Where does insulin bind?
To its receptors
What does insulin allow?
Glucose to be taken up by the cells
What does insulin decrease?
Serum glucose
What causes Type I DM?
Not entirely known
Autoimmune response by failure of T cells to recognise self from non slef
What can sometimes be seen years later on histology in type I patients?
Scarred islets
What is the viral theory behind the aetiology of type I DM?
Though that the surface of B cells mimics that of a virus antigen causing an immune attack
What causes type II diabetes?
Combination of reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin
Inability to secrete very high levels of insulin
Which type of weight gain is bad for type II diabetes?
Expanded upper body visceral fat mass
Are pear shaped woman at risk of type II?
No
What causes gain in body fat? (simple terms)
increased energy intake
Decreased energy output
What is the response of the pancreas to a decreased insulin receptor sensitivity?
To secrete more insulin
Why does the pancreas need to secrete more insulin in type 2?
Because there is a decreased removal of glucose from the blood to the tissues
What does central adiposity lead to?
Hyperinsulinaemia
When will diabetes not occur with decreased insulin sensitivity?
When insulin production can increase at the same rate
What controls increased and increased insulin production by B cells?
Genes
What happens in type II diabetes?
There is eventually not enough insulin production to counteract the decreased receptor sensitivity
