Pathology of the Female Reproductive System - Part 2

Question 1

Cow placenta

Answer 1

Question 2

Horse placenta

Answer 2

Question 3

Dog placenta

Answer 3

Question 4

Human placenta

Answer 4

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

_____________ placental structure

Answer 7

Ruminant
Cotyledons + Caruncles = Placentomes

Question 8

Answer 8

Normal placenta of ruminants

Question 9

Answer 9

Bottom box: endometrium would be here?

Question 10

Fetal Anomalies (“Monsters”)

Answer 10

• Amorphus globosus
• Schistosomus reflexus
• Anasarca
• Meningocele/Meningoencephalocele
• Arthrogryposis
• Cyclopia/Holoprosencephaly

Question 11

What condition be seen in the image below?

• __________ mass of __________ tissue and ____ ___________ viable organs, covered with skin
• When a _________ does not develop correctly

Answer 11

Amorphus globosus
* Spherical mass of connective tissue and fat without viable organs, covered with skin
* When a twin does not develop correctly

Question 12

What condition is seen in the image below?
* Spinal ___________, exposure of the __________ viscera because of a fissure of the ________ _________ wall and limb ___________.

Answer 12

Schistosomus reflexus
* Spinal inversion, exposure of the abdominal viscera because of a fissure of the ventral
abdominal wall and limb ankylosis

Question 13

Answer 13

Anasarca

Question 14

Answer 14

Meningocele or Meningoencephalocele
* Abnormal sac of fluid that extends through a defect in the skull (or vertebrae), if contains
only meninges MENINGOCELE, if contains meninges and brain MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE

Question 15

Answer 15

Arthrogryposis
* Multiple joint contractures (stiffness)

Question 16

What condition can be seen in the image below?
* Failure of the embryonic ______________ to properly divide

Answer 16

Holoprosencephaly and Cyclopia
* Failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide

Question 17

Answer 17

Umbilical Torsion
* This happen most often in horses when the umbilical cord is longer than 84 cm
(normal is 35 - 81 cm)
* A true torsion will have 10-20 twists and have areas of edema and congestion

Question 18

Fetal Death
* Mummification
– __________ of a ____ fetus in utero
– Bacterial infection __________ be present
* Maceration
– Fetal death in presence of in utero ______ infection and __________
– ____________ and loss of ___ tissue in utero

Answer 18

Desiccation, dead, CANNOT, bacterial, inflammation, Liquefaction, soft

Question 19

Answer 19

Mummification

Question 20

Answer 20

Fetal death - maceration

Question 21

• Resorption: ____ embryonic loss usually due to __________ abnormalities (severe anomalies are not compatible with ________ or __________).

Answer 21

Early, chromosomal, attachment, implantation

Question 22

• Abortion: Expulsion of a fetus ____ to the time of expected viability.

Answer 22

prior

Question 23

• Stillborn: A ___ fetus delivered ____ the period of expected viability.

Answer 23

dead, within

Question 24

SMEDI in Pigs
* S = Stillborn
* M = Mummy
* E = Embryonic
* D = Death
* I = Infertility
* Parvovirus, PRRS, Enteroviruses, Pseudorabies, PCV-2, Leptospira spp.

Question 25

Answer 25

Twins in horses

Question 26

Bacterial infections

Answer 26

* Placentitis * Pneumonia * Hepatitis

Question 27

Answer 27

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

Question 28

Answer 28

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

Question 29

Answer 29

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

Question 30

Answer 30

Campylobacter fetus in ovine

Question 31

Answer 31

Listeria monocytogenes in bovine

Question 32

Answer 32

Fibrinous pleuritis caused by Brucella abortus

Question 33

Answer 33

Ascending placentitis in mares * Bacterial or fungal infection that enters via the vagina and breaches the cervical barrier

Question 34

What can be seen below? Caused by?

Answer 34

Ascending placentitis in mares Caused by? SEPSKA * Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, A. equuli * Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 35

Mycotic Placentitis * __________ __________ * _________ (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus) * ___________ in cattle (Respiratory or Rumen infection) or ascending in mares * Characteristic ________ lesions in the fetus

Answer 35

Aspergillus fumigatus, Zygomycetes, Hematogenous, cutaneous

Question 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Mycotic Placentitis * Aspergillus fumigatus * Zygomycetes (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus) * Hematogenous in Cattle (Respiratory or rumen infection), ascending in Mares * Characteristic cutaneous lesions in the fetus

Question 38

Protozoal infections * Neospora caninum: No ____ lesions. Histo lesions: ? * Toxoplasma gondii: Foci of ______ in the ______ are characteristic. * Other: ?

Answer 38

gross, Brain, heart, skeletal muscle. necrosis, cotyledons Sarcocystis spp., Tritrichomonas foetus.

Question 39

Answer 39

* Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants

Question 40

Answer 40

Equid herpesvirus 1

Question 41

Answer 41

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Question 42

Viral infections * Usually no _____ placental lesions * ________ and _____________ * Malformations (?)

Answer 42

gross, Hepatitis, pneumonia, arthrogryposis, cerebellar hypoplasia, etc..

Question 43

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome Proposed mechanisms for abortion associated with MRLS include: (1) penetration of the ____________ wall by ___________ hairs resulting in _____________ and localization in the ______ or (2) a ______ in the ____________ hair that is detrimental to the fetus or placenta.

Answer 43

gastrointestinal, caterpillar, bacteremia, fetus, toxin, caterpillar

Question 44

Answer 44

Funisitis

Question 45

Non-lesions in the Placenta * Amniotic ________ (squamous __________) * Endometrial ____ in mares * _______ in mares

Answer 45

plaques, metaplasia, cups, Hippomane

Question 46

Answer 46

Amniotic plaques (squamous metaplasia)

Question 47

What condition is seen below?

Answer 47

Endometrial cups - Mares * Endometrium of the pregnant horn between approximately 38 days and 150 of gestation * Secretes chorionic gonadotropin (stimulates CL to develop) * Regresses start at 70 days of gestation

Question 48

Answer 48

HIPPOMANE

Question 49

A diagnostic approach to abortions * Samples to submit: - _____ from the dam and some of the ___ (at time of _____ and samples __ to __ weeks later) - Send in the whole ____/______ and let the ___ do it (best) - Do necropsy ______ and send in samples *Tissues for bacterial culture - ? - Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (do not ______) *Tissues for viral isolation/PCR - ? - Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (can be ____) * Tissues for histopathology - _____ Even after all of that work you will probably diagnose less than 60% of the cases abortion you investigate

Answer 49

Serum, herd, abortion, 3, 4, fetus, placenta, lab, yourself Placenta, Abomasal contents, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, others freeze Lung, liver, spleen frozen Everything

Question 50

Answer 50

Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis Equine Herpesvirus 3 (Equine coital exanthema)

Question 51

Answer 51

Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis)

Question 52

What condition can be seen below? Response to ____________ * ______ _____ diseases * _______ secreting tumors * __________ (Zearalenone produced by Fusarium sp.)

Answer 52

Vulvar swelling Response to estrogens * Cystic follicular diseases * Estrogen secreting tumors * Mycotoxins (Zearalenone produced by Fusarium sp.)

Question 53

Vagina and vulva * Neoplasia - Leiomyoma - TVT - Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 54

Answer 54

Vaginal leiomyoma * DDx: Vaginal Polyps * Usually incidental findings

Question 55

Answer 55

TVT

Question 56

Vulvar ________ cell _________ * ____ light-induced * ____-pigmented skin * Old _____ cows

Answer 56

Vulvar Squamous cell carcinoma * UV light-induced * Non-pigmented skin * Old dairy cows

Question 57

Mammary tumors * Related to ________ influence * Benign (_______) / Malignant (________) – 50/50 (in _____), (in cats is usually _______) * Simple (________ only), Complex (________+ _________), Mixed ( _________ + _____ tissue [cartilage, bone]) * Complex grading system * If malignant: go check ___ and local ___

Answer 57

hormonal, adenoma, carcinoma, dogs, malignant epithelium, epithelium, myoepithelium, epithelium, mesenchymal Lung, LN

Question 58

Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma * (4) of the mammary glands, often resembling ________. * However, there is no inflammation _______ * Numerous dilated lymphatic vessels that are filled with luminal clusters of metastatic tumor cells * Most _________ type of mammary gland tumor diagnosed in dogs and carries a poor prognosis.

Answer 58

Swelling, redness, heat, and edema, mastitis, histologically, malignant

Question 59

Answer 59

Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma

Question 60

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia * _______, non-_________ proliferation of mammary ____ and ______ tissue of young intact female cats (<__ yrs old), pregnant ___, or prolonged _________ therapy * Regression following _________ or termination of ______ or ________ therapy * ___ or ___ mammary glands markedly enlarged

Answer 60

Benign, neoplastic, ducts, connective, 2, cats, progesterone, ovariohysterectomy, pregnancy, progesterone, One, all

Question 61

Answer 61

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

Question 62

Answer 62

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia