Pathology of the Mammary Gland Flashcards
(48 cards)
Companion animals, neoplasia or mastitis?
Neoplasia
Farm animals,
neoplasia or mastitis?
Mastitis
What makes up the natural defense mechanisms of the mammary gland?
Teat orfice and canal make up the mechanical barrier
Lactoferrin, opsonins, and immunoglobins are …
Humoral factor defense mechanisms in milk
Where is mastitis the most costly Dz?
Dairy herds
Inflammation of the mammary gland is usually due to…
Infectious agents - mainly bacteria, some fungi - that gain access through the teat canal
Will you recognized a bacteria infection grossly?
YES! classically inflammation. With viral infections, we will not be able to see grossly
Hematogenous and percutaneous routes…
RARELY occur
When is it peak occurrence to have mastitis?
Shortly after calving and in the drying-off period when milk stagnates in the udder
What are the THREE CONTAGIOUS causes of mastitis?? KNOW THESE!!
Steptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma spp
Which bacteria is this:
- Specific, contagious mastitis of ruminants; entry is through the teat canal
- Healing is characteristically by fibrosis; sequel = atrophy of quarters
- P is NOT systemically ill
Streptococcus agalactiae
Which bacteria is this:
- Acute inflammation due to an alpha-toxin; may be peracute and fulminating or milder or more chronic
- Abscesses, necrosis, gangrene in cattle
- P is systemically ill
Staphylococcus aureus
Which bacteria is this:
- Cattle and Sheep
- Galactogenic and hematogenous routes
- Sudden onset of agalactia, involvement of all 4 quarters, a precipitous drop in milk production, severe swelling of the udder, poor response to therapy and lack of obvious signs of systemic illness
- much more subtle
- Difficult to grown on culture
Mycoplasma bovis
Mycoplasma otitis can cause…
A head tilt
Where do Coliform mastitis occur?
Usually occur in places of poor hygiene. Once one is infected, may get severe metritis in the rest of the herd.
Why is it that E.coli may cause an acute and often fatal disease?
Potent endotoxin causes vascular damage leading to fluid exudates, hemorrhage, thrombosis and necrosis
What kind of cow does Coliform mastitis severely affected?
Newly calved cows transiently immunosuppressed
Per-acute cases of Coliform mastitis show…
systemic signs of severe toxemia
Mycobacterium bovis
Nocardia asteroids
Cryptococcus neoformans
ALL CAUSE…
Granulomatous mastitis
How is mycobacterium bovis spread?
Hematogenously, while the others are often reported to be iatrogenic
Which bacterial mastitis has been associated with Neomycin infusions in dry cows?
NOCARDIAL MASTITIS
Chronic inflammation of the lactiferous ducts and adjacent mammary gland has resulted in replacement of most of the gland by…
Pyogranulomas and Abscesses
Which bacteria usually causes mastitis in Ewe’s and Goats?
Staphylococcus aureus
Mannheimia haemolytica
What is Contagious Agalactia?
Primarily a Dz of goats, sheep being slightly less susceptible
