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Reproduction 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Failure of short or long segments of the uterine horn to develop.

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2
Q

Uterus unicornis means…

A

Complete absence of an entire horn

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3
Q

Aplasia of a uterine horn is commonly found in what species?

A

White Shorthorn Cattle

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4
Q

Why is Uterus uniconis commonly found in White Shorthorn cattle?

A

It’s associated with the recessive gene for white coat color.

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5
Q

Can a cow with uterus unicornis become pregnant?

A

Sometimes, but this anomaly is usually found after investigation as to why cow wasn’t catching sperm

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6
Q

What is Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

This produces a double vagina, double cervix, and uterus didelphys.

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7
Q

There can be 2 channels within the vagina region and in extreme cases p will have 2 separate uterine horns and cervixes. What is this condition known as?

A

Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

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8
Q

Persistance of a tissue band running across the vagina just cranial to the opening of the urethra is called…

A

Imperforate hymen

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9
Q

Imperforated hymen is a result of…

A

Failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus.

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10
Q

Review alpaca case in lecture PP

A

DO IT!

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11
Q

Define ovarian agenesis

A

Ovaries that fail to develop at all. COMPLETE ABSENCE! Genetically recognized in some breed of cattle.

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12
Q

When would we more than likely come across duplication of an ovary?

A

Necropsy
Ultrasound
Spay?

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13
Q

What is it called when one or both of the ovaries fail to develop to the full size?

A

Ovarian HYPOplasia

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14
Q

T/F:

P with ovarian hypoplasia will have small ovaries WITH follicles?

A

FALSE! p will have small ovaries WITHOUT follicles

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15
Q

Ovarian hypoplasia is seen in what type of cattle?

A

Swedish Highland cattle and in other cattle and mares with chromosomal abnormalities XXX or X0

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16
Q

Ovarian Cysts are located…

A

On the ovary

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17
Q

Paraovarian cysts are located…

A

Around the ovary

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18
Q

Hydatids of Morgagni are found in what species?

A

Mares

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19
Q

What is the most common type of cystic change?

A

Cystic Graafian follicle

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20
Q

Cystic Graafian follicles occur as a result of…

A

Insufficient release of luteinizing hormone.

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21
Q

With a p with cystic graafian follicles ovulate?

A

No.

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22
Q

Cystic subsurface epithelial structures of the bitch frequently give rise to what?

A

Single or multiple cysts extending along ovarian surface

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23
Q

Can cystic subsurface epithelial structures become neoplastic?

A

They are RARE, but yes, may seed along peritoneal lining – can have fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity. Ovarian carcinoma

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24
Q

Oophoritis is…

A

inflammation of ovaries

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25
TB of peritoneal cavity can result in...
Oophoritis
26
Oophoritis can be caused by Salmonells pullorum in what species?
POULTRY! Pullorum --- think pullets
27
What two viruses can cause Oophoritis?
IBR, BVD
28
T/F: | Intrafollicular hemorrhage can be quite severe in mares.
TRUE
29
Massive hematomas can be found in abdominal cavity of mares due to...
Intrafollicular hemorrhage
30
Intrafollicular hemorrhage in cows ->
Manual enucleation of the corpus luteum
31
T/F: | Intrafollicular hemorrhage may lead to reduced fertility
TRUE!
32
What kind of hemorrhage can cause adhesions to form in a cow?
Periovarian hemorrhage - adhesions cause problems. narrow fimbrae cause fibrosis of the ovary itself, lots of things can happen.
33
T/F: | Ovarian tumors are rare in animals?
TRUE! Callahan said we MAY see one or two of them in our lifetime if we are lucky
34
Epithelial tumors develop and affected bitches may have cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. What does the endometrium look like?
Bubble wrap!
35
Will dogs/cats or horses have more ovarian tumors?
Horses!
36
What are germ cell tumors?
Tumors of basically the precursor cells that would give rise to a oocyts
37
Give an example of a germ cell tumor.
Dysgerminoma
38
Is a dysgerminoma considered to be malignant?
All are considered malignant.
39
What percentage of Dysgerminomas metastasize?
20%
40
What is a teratoma?
Uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least two of the three germ cell layers
41
What are the 3 germ cell layer?
Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm
42
____ is: mainly found in ovaries or testies tends to be a younger p Usually
Teratoma
43
A sex cord-stromal tumor is also known as...
Gonadostromal tumors
44
What is the most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares??? **KNOW THIS ONE!
Granulosa cell tumor aka Granulosa-theca cell tumor
45
Granulosa tumors may be steroidally active. What are they?
Estrogens and Androgens
46
T/F: | Granulosa cell tumors are rare to metastasize, removal is recommended tx, can also be massive and hemorrhagic
True story brah
47
Histologically, what is diagnostic of a granulosa cell tumor?
Call-Exner bodies --- rosettes of granulosa cells surrounding pink proteinaceous fluid
48
Define Hydrosalpinx:
The uterine horn is distended/filled with CLEAR WATERY MUCOUS; usually 2ndary to obstruction (congenital or inflammatory)
49
Define Salpingitis
Usually 2ndary to endometriosis, may lead to pyosalpinx and interfere with fertility
50
_______ in poultry- inflammation that's usually 2ndary and may go all the way to the ovary to due salmonella
Salpingitis
51
This is commonly seen with mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections
Salpingitis
52
Define Pyosalpinx
Pus in the oviduct aka Accumulation of pus in the tube following obstruction of the lumen
53
_______ & _______ are seen in cows 2ndary to HYPERESTROGENISM or FOLLOWING LOCAL INFLAMMATION
Cystic Gartner's Ducts (vestigial remnants of wolffian ducts) and Cystic Bartholin's Gland (vestibular glands)
54
Vulval tumefaction:
Swollen vulva, physiological response to estrogen
55
Often in sows, the estrogenic effect of zearalenone (fusarium) in moldy grains causes...
Vulval tumefaction
56
Vulval tumefaction may lead to...
vaginal prolapse and mammary enlargement
57
Vaginal/Vulval tears/ruptures =
NASTAYYY`
58
Parturition, assisting birth, hoof pressure on tissue may cause
Vaginal/vulval tear/ruptures
59
A few months after parturition you may find what...
Suppurative peritonitis and/or a lot of adhesions due to fibrosis/CT
60
Connection between vagina and anus =
Rectovaginal fistulas
61
Vaginal/Vulval tears/ruptures may lead to...
gangrenous inflammation, peritonitis, and development of rectovaginal fistulas
62
Inflammation of the vagina and vulva is associated with
Trauma, likely post partum
63
Granular vaginitis:
nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated to lymphoid follicle proliferation in cattle
64
Some ______ _______ cases are associated with Mycoplama and ureaplasma infections
Granular vaginitis
65
T/F: | Sheep and cattle are resilient to inflammation of vagina and vulva
True
66
Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) disease of cattle is caused by what virus?
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 | Dz is venereally transmitted and causes epithelial necrosis!
67
IPV dz'd cattle have small mucosal pustules that lead to...
erosions overlying the submucosal lymphoid follicles
68
Equine Herpesvirus 3 causes
Coital exanthema
69
Leiomyoma can occur in what 3 places?
Uterus, cervix, or vagina
70
This neoplasm in dogs appears to be estrogen dependent. These almost always occur in bitches.
Leiomyoma
71
TVT
contagious neoplasm, IHC suggests histiocytic orgin
72
Tumor cells have how many chromosomes. Remember the normal is 78 chromosomes.
59
73
These lesions may be solitary or multiple, papillary to pedunculated, or multi-lobulated mases often ulcerated, inflamed, and friable.
TVT!
74
T/F: | TVT cane been seen anywhere on body.
TRUE
75
what does TVT look like histologically?
Solid sheets of large round to ovoid cells; moderate to scant pale eosinophilic finely granular, often vacuolated or clear cytoplasm.
76
What species and Where is the most common site of SCC on a farm animal?
Horses | Prepuce/Vulva region
77
SCC occurs mostly on farm animals, especially those lacking...
pigment on vulvar skin
78
SCC look...
Ulcerative
79
SCC locally metastasize to...
to local lymph nodes
80
T/F: | Melanomas are benign
FALSE! Neoplastic. BAD NEWS!
81
T/F: | Melanocytoma is malignant
FALSE!
82
Find this particularly in white mares, in the form of large ulcerative nodules, located in the vulva or the perineum
Melanoma and Melanocytoma
83
Melanomas and Melanocytomas are locally invasive...
Ventral tail base and into the spinal cord

Pathology 2 (6 decks)

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