Reproduction 3

Question 1

When does uterine torsion most commonly occur?

Answer 1

In an enlarged uterus. Such as pregnancy, pyometra, or mucometra.

Question 2

Circulatory embarrassment, death of fetus, and/or uterine rupture can me a result of…

Answer 2

Uterine torsion

Question 3

Uterine ________ accounts for 5-10% of serious cases of dystocia in mares.

Answer 3

Uterine torsion

Question 4

What type of animal is a uterine prolapse common in?

Answer 4

Ruminants

Question 5

What are some causes of uterine prolapse?

Answer 5

Uterine hypotony
Prolonged dystocia
Retained placenta
Hypocalcemia
Hyperestrogenism

Question 6

_______ may be followed by congestion, edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, gangrene, and spesis

Answer 6

Uterine Prolapse

Question 7

What are 2 types of uterine trauma?

Answer 7

Uterine rupture and Rupture of the Uterine Artery

Question 8

What type of uterine trauma occurs in mares and results in death from exsanguination?

Answer 8

Rupture of the uterine artery

Question 9

T or F

Uterine rupture can result from trauma at parturition, iatrogenic or spontaneous.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

T or F

Uterine rupture can lead to fatal hemorrhage, perimetritis, but not peritonitis

Answer 10

FALSE it can lead to fatal hemorrhage, perimetritis, and peritonitis

Question 11

T or F

Uterine rupture is associated with dystocia

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Which animals are more uniquely prone to endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 12

Small animals

Question 13

What condition is common in the bitch and involves cystic distention of endometrial glands?

Answer 13

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 14

If endometrial secretions accumulate, what can occur?

Answer 14

An infection may follow ->

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra syndrome

Question 15

What does endometrial hyperplasia look like in a bitch?

Answer 15

Bubblewrap

Question 16

Prolonged hyperestrogenism or excess progesterone can cause…

Answer 16

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 17

What are some estrogen sources that can cause endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 17

Cystic ovarian follicles
Granulosa cell tumors
Estrogenic pastures
Zearalenone (myotoxin)

Question 18

In a case of endometrial hyperplasia, what does progesterone do to make the situation worse?

Answer 18

It immunosuppresses, providing a suitable environment for bacteria to grow and cause a pyometra

Question 19

What is an Adenomyosis?

Answer 19

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

Question 20

T or F

Adenomyosis is a rare feature

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What is endometriosis?

Answer 21

Ectopic endometrial glands

Question 22

What species does sub-involution of placenta sites occur in?

Answer 22

The bitch

Question 23

________ manifested by prolonged bloody vaginal discharge postpartum. Placenta sites appear as multiple segmental thickenings of uterine horns.

Answer 23

Sub-involution of placental sites

Question 24

What condition results in zebra stripping all along the lumen of the uterine horn?

Answer 24

Sub-involution of placenta sites

Question 25

What do you call accumulation of thin or viscid fluid in the uterus?

Answer 25

Hydrometra and Mucometra

Question 26

Define Endometritis

Answer 26

Inflammation of endometrium only

Question 27

Define Metritis

Answer 27

Inflammation of all layers of uterine wall

Question 28

Define Perimetritis

Answer 28

Inflammation extending to tissues surrounding uterus

Question 29

Define Pyometria

Answer 29

Accumulations of pus in the lumen of the uterus

Question 30

What is greatly reduced during pregnancy and under the influence of progesterone?

Answer 30

Highly resistant uterus

Question 31

What do most uterine infections start as?

Answer 31

Endometritis, and may or may not progress to metritis, perimetritis, or pyometra

Question 32

What id commonly seen in every animal post partum?

Answer 32

Endometritis

Question 33

Is Contagious Equine Metritis reportable?

Answer 33

YES!! REPORT!!!

Question 34

What bacteria is responsible for causing Contagious Equine Metritis?

Answer 34

Tayorella equigenitalis

Question 35

What clinical disease is manifested by temporary infertility and mild to moderate inflammation of the endometrium

Answer 35

Contagious Equine Metritis

Question 36

T or F | Stallions transmit CEM organism but don't develop clinical disease

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

Should you report CEM??

Answer 37

DO IT!!

Question 38

________: acute or chronic suppurative inflammation characterized by accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen; usually secondary to endometritis

Answer 38

Pyometra

Question 39

What are the clinical signs of pyometra?

Answer 39

manifest a short time after p has gone through heat. P is often vomiting, pu/pd

Question 40

Pyometras are often closed cervix. T or F?

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

What age animal are pyometra usually found in?

Answer 41

Older female dogs, especially ones that have never been bred

Question 42

What causes the amount of pus to vary in a pyometra?

Answer 42

The duration and type of bacteria involved

Question 43

What 4 extragenital lesions in dogs with pyometra?

Answer 43

Bone marrow depression and anemia Marked EMH in spleen and liver Marked leukocytosis (left shift) Immune complex glomerulopmephritis

Question 44

What is used most commonly in equine theriogenology?

Answer 44

Endometrial biopsy

Question 45

What 4 microscopic lesions are on a endometrial biopsy>

Answer 45

- Inflammation - Dilation of lymphatics - Loss of glands - Fibrosis

Question 46

Uterine neoplasms are not common in...

Answer 46

Domestic animals

Question 47

Uterine adenocarcinomas are very common in...

Answer 47

Rabbits

Question 48

What type of neoplasm is most common metastatic neoplasm found in cows?

Answer 48

Lymphosarcoma

Question 49

Where can lymphosarcoma be found in a cow?

Answer 49

Diffuse infiltration of the alimentary tract OR in th euterine wall

Question 50

If you did find a neoplasm in a female dog, what could it be?

Answer 50

Leiomyoma