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From Flashcardlet > Pathophysiology - Chapters 44, 45, 47, 49 - Final Exam > Flashcards

Pathophysiology - Chapters 44, 45, 47, 49 - Final Exam Flashcards

0
Q

An etiologic difference between meningitis and encephalitis is that meningitis is usually due to a _____ infection, whereas encephalitis is typically due to a _____ infection

A

Bacterial,

Viral

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1
Q

Symptoms suggestive of transient ischemic attack (TIA) are expected to resolve within _____ hours of onset

A

24

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2
Q

The most significant risk for a cerebral aneurysm rupture is _______

A

Hypertension

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3
Q 
Hyperventilation true reduce Paco2 is likely to produce...
A.  Cerebral vasoconstriction
B.  Cerebral hyperoxygenation
C.  Increased cerebral perfusion
D.  Cerebral vasodilation
A

A. Cerebral vasoconstriction

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4
Q 
Normal ICP ranges from
A.  0 to 15 mmHg
B.  5 to 25 mmHg
C.  10 to 50 mmHg
D.  25 to 50 mmHg
A

A. 0 to 50 mmHg

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5
Q 
The earliest indicator of compromised neurologic functioning is usually…
A.  An altered pupil light reflex
B.  A change in level of consciousness
C.  Depressed motor responses
D.  Failure to follow commands
A

B. A change in level of consciousness

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6
Q 
The Glasgow coma scale has three measures of coma that include all of the following except...
A.  The eye-opening response
B.  The pupillary response
C.  The verbal response
D.  The motor response
A

B. The pupillary response

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7
Q 
Which of the following responses represents the worst neurologic status?
A.  Opens eyes to pain
B.  Withdraws and extremity from pain
C.  Wiggles the toes to command
D.  Assumes a decorticate posture
A

D. Assumes a decorticate posture

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8
Q 
Patients experience TIA's are at increased risk for…
A.  Embolic stroke
B.  Hemorrhagic stroke
C.  Thrombotic stroke
D.  Hypertensive stroke
A

C. Thrombotic stroke

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9
Q

Typical manifestations of a stroke on the right side of the brain include…
A. Significant aphasia
B. Weakness on the right side of the body
C. Loss of vision in the left visual field
D. A positive Babinski sign on the right foot

A

C. Loss of vision in the left visual field

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10
Q 
The pupil response to light tests the functioning of which cranial nerves?
A.  I and II
B.  II and III
C.  III and IV
D.  III and VI
A

B. II and III

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11
Q 
Also diseases associated with excessive \_\_\_\_\_ in the brain
A.  Dendritic fibrils
B.  Neurotransmitter release
C.  Synaptic transmissions
D.  Amyloid plaques
A

D. Amyloid plaques

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12
Q 
Parkinson disease is associated with a deficiency of basal ganglia...
A.  Norepinephrine
B.  Dopamine
C.  Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D.  Acetylcholine
A

B. Dopamine

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13
Q 
Clinical manifestations of cerebellar disorders include all the following except…
A.  Ataxia
B.  Intention tremor
C.  Clumsiness
D.  Paralysis
A

D. Paralysis

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14
Q 
A congenital anomaly of the spinal cord in which the spinal nerves and meninges protrude from the back is termed...
A.  Spina bifida occulta
B.  Meningocele
C.  Myelomeningocele
D.  Spina bifida apparenta
A

C. Myelomeningocele

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15
Q 
The major risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease are age and…
A.  Alcoholism
B.  Stroke
C.  Family history
D.  Parkinson's disease
A

C. Family history

16
Q

Myasthenia gravis is a “grave weakness” that worsens with activity and is due to insufficient activity of _____ in the myoneural synapse

A

Acetylcholine

17
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia is a complication of spinal cord injury that occurs when the _____ nervous system is inappropriately activated below the level of injury, resulting in dangerously elevated _____ _____

A

Sympathetic,

Blood pressure

18
Q

The demylination of nerve axons in multiple sclerosis is due to the inappropriate activation of the _____ system

A

Immune

19
Q

Is a patient with complete spinal cord injury at C4 likely to have difficulty breathing and clearing their airway?

A

Yes

20
Q

Is the period of spinal shock that immediately follows complete spinal cord injury characterized by spasticity and hyperreflexia?

A

No

21
Q 
The findings of increased blood pressure, pulse, respiration in a patient are characteristic of pain that is…
A.  Chronic
B.  Acute
C.  Referred
D.  Psychogenic
A

B. Acute

22
Q 
Painful stimulation of neurons in visceral structures is often perceived in another area because it is referred to…
A.  The overlying skin
B.  The spinal cord or nerve roots
C.  Structures from the same dermatome
D.  Phantom structures
A

C. Structures from the same dermatome

23
Q 
Important chemical mediators of pain include all the following except…
A.  Histamine
B.  Prostaglandins
C.  Thyroid hormone
D.  Lactate
A

C. Thyroid hormone

24
Q 
Nociceptors are found in all of the following locations except…
A.  Brain tissue
B.  Viscera
C.  Muscle
D.  Connected tissue
A

A. Brain tissue

25
Q

The _____ drugs interfere with pain perception in the brain, whereas nociceptor activation is altered peripherally by _____ _____ and _____ _____ and the application of _____ and _____

A 
Opioid,
Prostaglandin inhibitors (NSAIDs),
Local anesthetics,
Heat, 
Cold
26
Q

What are the four interdependent processes that nociception incorporates?

A

Stimulus transduction,
Signal transmission,
Pain perception,
Pain modulation

27
Q

General anxiety disorder has a _____ onset, and symptoms last for _____

A

Gradual,

Years

28
Q 
Anxiety disorders are characterized by…
A.  Irrational fears
B.  Poor judgment
C.  Hallucinations
D.  Psychoses
A

A. Irrational fears

29
Q 
Anxiety disorders include all the following except…
A.  Panic disorder
B.  Delusional disorder
C.  Obsessive compulsive disorder
D.  Generalized anxiety disorder
A

B. Delusional disorder

30
Q

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder may feel extremely anxious when…
A. In unclean environments
B. Performing the compulsive act
C. Prevented from performing the compulsive act
D. Distracted from the obsessive thought

A

C. Prevented from performing the compulsive act

31
Q 
Autism spectrum disorders are defined by a common set of behaviors that includes all of the following except…
A.  Hallucinations
B.  Social communication deficits
C.  Fixated interests
D.  Repetitive moments or behaviors
A

A. Hallucinations

32
Q 
Which of the following disorders is included in the autism spectrum group of disorders?
A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B.  General anxiety disorder
C.  Asperger disorder
D.  Schizoaffective disorder
A

C. Asperger disorder

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