pathophysiology of WBC p2

Question 1

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 1

Phagocytosis, inflammation, removal of debris

Question 2

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 2

Antibodies, cooperation antibody production, destruction of viral infected cells

Question 3

What do monocytes do?

Answer 3

Phagocytosis, inflammation, cytokine release, haemostasis

Question 4

What do eosinophils do?

Answer 4

Protection against parasites, allergic response

Question 5

What do basophils do?

Answer 5

Participation in hypersensitivity, histamine/heparin release

Question 6

What is leukopoiesis?

Answer 6

Production of WBC

Question 7

What is myelopoiesis?

Answer 7

Process which produces RBCs, platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes

Question 8

How do neutrophils mature?

Answer 8

Cell size decreases, nuclear volume decreases

Question 9

What are segmented neutrophil?

Answer 9

Segmented with 3-5 lobes
Hypo: 2 or less
Hyper: 6 or more

Question 10

What are the primary neutrophil granules?

Answer 10

Myeloperoxidase, bacterial permeability-inducing factor, lysozyme

Question 11

What are the secondary granules?

Answer 11

Lactoferrin, lysozyme

Question 12

What are the 4 steps in neutrophil response?

Answer 12

Adhesion, transendothelial migration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bacterial killing

Question 13

What are the neutrophil disorders?

Answer 13

Granulocytopenia (decrease granules)
Neutropenia (decreased neutro)
Agranulocytosis
Granulocytosis
Neutrophilia

Question 14

How are eosinophils activated?

Answer 14

By crosslinking IgG receptors

Question 15

What causes eosinophilia?

Answer 15

Allergy or inflammation, autoimmune diseases

Question 16

What do active basophils express?

Answer 16

Increased levels of CD63

Question 17

What are the basophil-specific granules?

Answer 17

Heparin, histamine

Question 18

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 18

Mediators of inflammatory response, receptors for IgE

Question 19

What is the maturation of monocytes?

Answer 19

Monocyte -> macrophage -> dendritic cell

Question 20

Explain macrophages

Answer 20

Synthesise DNA, undergo mitosis
Adaptive immune (antigen presentation)
Innate immune (phagocytosis)

Question 21

What are the lymphoid organs?

Answer 21

Bone marrow and thymus
Lymph nodes and spleen

Question 22

How are lymphocytes are activated?

Answer 22

Antigens

Question 23

What do lymphocytes terminally differentiate into?

Answer 23

Cytotoxic T cells
Memory B or T cells
Helper T cells
Plasma B cells

Question 24

What are atypical lymphocytes?

Answer 24

Found in patients w/ infectious mononucleosis
Increase size, elongated morphology

Question 25

What are large granular lymphocyte?

Answer 25

Large granules in cytoplasm

Question 26

What are plasma B cells?

Answer 26

Round or slightly oval cells Surrounded by deeply basophilic cytoplasm

Question 27

What are the causes of lymphocytopenia?

Answer 27

Genetic disorder e.g. SCID(T/B cell production), thymic aplasia (T cell) Acquired immune deficiency HIV, chemo, immunosuppressants

Question 28

What are the causes of lymphocytosis?

Answer 28

Infections Chronic lymphoid leukaemia Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Lymphomas

Question 29

What are the haematological malignancies?

Answer 29

Leukaemia Lymphomas

Question 30

Explain leukaemia

Answer 30

Presence of malignant haemopoietic cells w/in peripheral blood or BM