transfusion science part 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Why would someone be rejected for blood donation?
HIV
Previous transfusion
Bleeding disorders
Blood-borne viruses
Cancer
Organ transplant
Why would someone be delayed/deferred for blood donation?
Piercing/tattoo - 4 months
Pregnancy - 6 months
Anaemic
Travel history
What is the process of blood donation?
Processing, testing, issue
What can be made with blood donation?
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Red cells
Platelets
Graunlocytes
What is SAGM (saline alanine glucose mannitol) used for in red cell products?
Used to prolong shelf life up to 42 days (mainly 35 days)
How long are platelet concentrate products stored for?
up to 7 days (if bacterial monitoring)
What is fresh frozen plasma used for?
To prevent and treat haemorrhage in haemophilia, isolated factor deficiencies, etc.
What does fresh frozen plasma contain?
Fibrinogen, factor VIII, coagulation factors
What does cryoprecipitate contain?
Various coagulation factors e.g fibrinogen, factor VIII and factor XIII
How is cryoprecipitate prepared?
Coagulation factors remain insoluble and are collected as precipitate and concentrated by centrifugation
What are the two mandatory blood grouping?
ABO and RhD type
What are red cells indicated use for?
Restore oxygen carrying capacity in patients with anaemia or blood loss
What are platelets indicated use for?
For the treatment or prevention of bleeding in patients with a low platelet count or platelet dynsfunction
What is FFP indicated use for?
Treatment of patients with bleeding due to multiple clotting factor deficiencies
What is clinical significance of red cell antigens?
Patient who lack blood group antigen may produce antibodies reacting with that antigen if exposed from other blood
What are naturally occurring blood group antibodies?
System with natural antibodies
ABO system
If a person is blood group A, what do anti-antibodies do they have?
Anti-B antibodies
What is Landsteiner’s theory?
If a person has an ABO antigen on their red cells then they will not have that antibody in their plasma
What ABO antibodies cause severe HTR
IgM and IgG
What are the key signs of intravascular haemolysis?
Shock, acute renal failure, and uncontrollable clotting cascade (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC))
What are they key signs of extravascular haemolysis?
Fever, chills
Explain Rh system
Rh (D and CE) proteins carry Rh antigens
Explain Rh antibodies
Antibodies are RBC stimulated
Patient receives RBCs carrying Rh antigens not present in theri own cells
What can cause Rh antibodies?
Pregnancy, transfusion, transplantation, needle sharing
