Pathways

Question 1

Describe MAJOR blood loss in the 4 age groups and time frames

Answer 1

Adult: 2+ mugs - 2 hours
Child : 1 + mug - 30 mins
Toddler: 1/2+ mug - 30 mins
Infant: 1/4+ mug - 30 mins

Question 2

Describe SIGNIFICANT blood loss in the 4 age groups and time frames

Answer 2

Adult: 1+ mugs - 2 hours
Child: 1/2+ mug - 30 mins
Toddler: 1/4 mug - 30 mins
Infant: Egg cup + - 30 mins

Question 3

What age range is pregnancy considered a possibility?

Answer 3

11-55

Question 4

What are the 4 age groups and ages?

Answer 4

Neonate: 0 - 1 hour
Infant: 1 hour - 1 year
Toddler: 1 - 5 
Child: 5 - 16
Adult: 16+

Question 5

When should ‘Other Symptoms’ Pathway be used?

Answer 5

When there is no symptom-specific pathway available

Question 6

How does Pathways deal with ‘Not Sure’ answers?

Answer 6

Balance of Risks

Question 7

After how many ‘Not Sure’ answers does call need to be transferred to a clinician?

Answer 7

More than 2

Question 8

Name the 2 elements of a disposition

Answer 8

Skillset

Timeframe

Question 9

What does a capital letter question mean?

Answer 9

Inferred question - Answer likely to be obvious

Question 10

When is the ‘declared screen’ shown?

Answer 10

When a non-trauma route is taken

Question 11

When should ‘pre-determined management’ pathway be used?

Answer 11

K nown Condition
F irm plan from HCP
C urrent symptoms/problem

Question 12

Examples of when ‘pre-determined management’ pathway might be used (4)

Answer 12

Terminal Illness
Patients receiving cancer treatment
Recent hospital discharge
Patients with medical devices fitted

Question 13

What is a complex call?

Answer 13

When call handler is working at or beyond the limits of their knowledge and/or experience

Question 14

List 8 reasons for Early Exit

Answer 14

Emergency - unco, fit, choke on call - situatuon deteriorates

Phone line went dead

Crew arrived

PT terminates call

Triage not possible

Transfer to clinician

Ambulance cancelled

Wrong service called

Question 15

List 5 reasons why ‘Triage Not Possible’ would be selected

Answer 15

Contact is about dead/dying person

Contact is child who is unable to answer qs

Remote observer

Person on fire

Other

Question 16

List 6 reasons why ‘Transfer to Clinician’ is appropriate

Answer 16

Local Policy

Caller refuses disposition

More than 2 not sure answers

Caller can’t prioritise a main symptom

Medication of procedure enquiry

Complex call

Question 17

Describe CAT 1 Ambulance Response

Answer 17

7 mins response time
Immediate treatment at scene
Potentially life-threatening conditions
High mortality rate

Question 18

Describe CAT 2 Ambulance Response

Answer 18

18 mins response time
Potentially serious condidions
Type of response differs

Question 19

Who receives a CAT 1 Ambulance for unconsciousness?

Answer 19

Under 16s only

Question 20

List 3 reasons an under 5 will receive CAT 1 response when someone older may not

Answer 20

Major blood loss
Potential shock
Severe respiratory distress
Unconsciousness

Question 21

Describe CAT 3 Ambulance Response

Answer 21

Condition not immediately life threatening
Relieve suffering
Mortality rates low or zero

Question 22

Describe CAT 4 Ambulance Response

Answer 22

PT does not require urgent response

May require transport

Question 23

List the 4 types of Clinician disposition?

Answer 23

Speak to Clinician:
Immediately
Within 30 mins
Within 2 hours
For home management advice

Question 24

When would Symptom Management Advice be given and by who?

Answer 24

Through cold and flu pathway

Given by call handler

Question 25

Who gives Home Management Advice?

Answer 25

Clinician

Question 26

List the 4 Local Service Dispositions

Answer 26

Contact local service (ideally face to face) Speak to a local service Get in touch with local service (if PT has persistent or recurring symptoms) MUST contact local service (even if symptoms improve)

Question 27

Name the 4 categories of Trauma/Injury

Answer 27

Mechanical Thermal Electrical Chemical

Question 28

What are the 2 types of care advice and when are they given?

Answer 28

In-line: Mid-assessment to alleviate immediate symptoms | Interim: PT deals with symptoms until further assessment or care achieved

Question 29

When is the 'fever' pathway selected?

Answer 29

When there are NO OTHER symptoms

Question 30

List major traumas (15)

Answer 30

``` Gunshot or stabbing Thrown from vehicle Vehicle roll Corrosive substance attack Fall of 5m+ (3m+ child) Major burn Massive force Major wound or amputation (not 1 finger or toe) Suicide attempt Electrical injury Multiple major injuries Drowning incident within 24h Strangulation, Suffocation or Hanging by neck Knocked by blast Lightning strike ```

Question 31

Criteria for MAJOR burn

Answer 31

``` Large area - entire limb, most of front/back torso, combined Right around body Soot or swelling around nose or mouth Inhalation of hot fumes/smoke Any radiation burn ```

Question 32

Examples of MASSIVE FORCE (in relation to major trauma)

Answer 32

Thrown from horse/motorbike Crush injury Collision with large, heavy or fast moving object

Question 33

Situations where a head injury needs emergency ambulance (4 )

Answer 33

``` Loss of lack of full consciousness Penetrating head injury Suspected skull fracture Seizure since injury (there are more) ```

Question 34

Situations where a head injury needs transportation to Emergency Department by own means (4)

Answer 34

``` 'Knock out' where PT has recovered Memory problems Persistent headache Vomiting Altered behaviour (there are more) ```