PATHWAYS REVISION CHEMISTRY

Question 1

What sis John Dalton do to create a periodic table

Answer 1

he arranged elements by mass

Question 2

what were some good points/bad points of John dalton’s periodic table?

Answer 2

good: symbols to represent elements
bad:no space for new elements,not grouped by properties, contained some compounds

Question 3

How did Newland group elements on his periodic table?

Answer 3

using ‘the law of octaves’ where every 8 elements had related properties.

Question 4

what were some strengths and weaknesses of newland’s periodic table?

Answer 4

properties do repeat,
some elements not in the correct group, no room for new elements

Question 5

What did Mendeleev do for his periodic table?

Answer 5

arranged them by mass, and rearranged if they were in the wrong group by property. Also left gaps for new elements

Question 6

what were some good points of Mendeleev’s periodic table?

Answer 6

good- able to predict new elements to fill the gaps
predictions were correct, arranged by property

Question 7

what did Dalton think atoms were?

Answer 7

tiny solid spheres that could not be seperated

Question 8

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 8

J J Thompson

Question 9

what was the plum pudding model?

Answer 9

A model of what the atom was thought to look like, where the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within it.

Question 10

Which experiment lead to what development of the model of an atom by Rutherford

Answer 10

The alpha particle scattering experiment lead to Rutherford showing that the mass of an atom was concentrated in the centre and that this nucleus was positively charged. It was called the nuclear model.

Question 11

How did Bohr adapt the nuclear model of the atom?

Answer 11

he suggested that the electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances.

Question 12

What did James Chadwick provide evidence of

Answer 12

the fact that neutrons were present in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

define atom

Answer 13

the smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 14

what is the charge of a proton

Answer 14

+1

Question 15

what is the relative mass of a proton

Answer 15

1

Question 16

what is the charge of a neutron

Answer 16

0

Question 17

what is the relative mass of a neutron

Answer 17

1

Question 18

what is the charge of an electron

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

what is the relative mass of an electron

Answer 19

rounds to 0

Question 20

what is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 20

the number of protons in an element

Question 21

the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is its…

Answer 21

mass number

Question 22

how many electrons can be on the inside ring of an electronic structure diagram

Answer 22

2

Question 23

how many electrons can each shell that isnt the middle hold

Answer 23

8

Question 24

what is an ion

Answer 24

formed when atoms lose or gain electrons

Question 25

do metals lose or gain electrons

Answer 25

lose 'metals are losers'

Question 26

what does the group number mean on the periodic table

Answer 26

how many electrons are In the outside shell

Question 27

what does the period in the periodic table tell you about the structure of the atom

Answer 27

the number of electron shells each atom has

Question 28

what is the name of the elements in group 0

Answer 28

the noble gasses

Question 29

are noble gasses reactive or not

Answer 29

they are unreactive

Question 30

which noble gas is the only one which does not have an outer shell

Answer 30

helium, which has 2 electrons in total

Question 31

what is the name of elements in group 1 of the periodic table

Answer 31

alkali metals

Question 32

what do group 1 metals react with

Answer 32

oxygen the halogens and water

Question 33

What does sodium and oxygen react to create

Answer 33

sodium oxide

Question 34

what does sodium and chlorine react to creatE

Answer 34

Sodium chloride

Question 35

What does sodium and water react to create

Answer 35

Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 36

what do group 1 metals produce when reacting with water

Answer 36

heat, bubbles and coloured flame

Question 37

Are group 1 metals dense or not

Answer 37

No they float on water

Question 38

What are the group 7 elements known as?

Answer 38

The halgens

Question 39

How many electrons are in the outer shell of group 7 halogens?

Answer 39

7

Question 40

Are the halogens metals or non-metals?

Answer 40

Non-metals

Question 41

What is the trend as you go down group 7

Answer 41

Higher melting point, higher boiling point and they become less reactive as you go down

Question 42

What is the trend as you go down group 1 alkali metals

Answer 42

Reactivity increases

Question 43

Name the three sates of matter

Answer 43

solid liquid gas

Question 44

How do atoms achieve a full outer shell?

Answer 44

Loosing or gaining electrons to become ions

Question 45

What type of bond is a metal and a non-metal

Answer 45

ionic bond

Question 46

Do ionic bonds have regular or irregular structures when forming compounds?

Answer 46

Regular structure

Question 47

Describe boiling point and melting points of ionic compounds

Answer 47

The boiling and melting points are high

Question 48

What is a limitation of the ball and stick model

Answer 48

doesn't show which atoms the electrons have come from

Question 49

What is a limitation of the structural diagram

Answer 49

Doesn't show which atom the electronics have come from

Question 50

What is a limitation of a dot and cross diagram

Answer 50

Doesn't show how the atoms are arranged in space

Question 51

Describe the melting and boiling point of giant covalent structures

Answer 51

They have very high melting and boiling points

Question 52

In a giant diamond covalent structure how many bonds does each atom form with other atoms

Answer 52

4

Question 53

In a giant graphite covalent structure how many bonds does each atom form with other atoms

Answer 53

3

Question 54

Name 4 examples of giant covalent structures

Answer 54

Diamond, graphite, buckminster fullerene, graphene

Question 55

What links diamond, graphite, buckminster fullerene and graphene

Answer 55

They are all made of carbon

Question 56

What is a polymer

Answer 56

Large molecule made of repeating structures linked by covalent bonds

Question 57

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 57

Electrons that are free to move

Question 58

What are electrostatic forces

Answer 58

The attraction between positive and negative charges

Question 59

Explain how metallic bonding works

Answer 59

Outer electrons become delocalised, leaving positive metal ions, which are attracted to the sea of delocalised electrons surrounding them.

Question 60

What is the conservation of mass

Answer 60

No atoms can be created or made during a chemical reaction, Mass of reactants = mass of the product

Question 61

Define concentration

Answer 61

The amount of a substance in a specific volume