PATHWAYS REVISION PHYSICS

Question 1

Name tne 10 forms of energ

Answer 1

Magnetic
Kinetic
Heat (thermal)
Light
Gravitational potential
Chemical
Sound
Elastic
Electric
Nuclear

Question 2

What is the law of conservation of energy

Answer 2

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

Question 3

What is the unit of energy

Answer 3

Joules

Question 4

What is the formula for calculating efficiency

Answer 4

Efficiency = useful energy/total input energy

Question 5

What is a fuel

Answer 5

A substance that contains a store of chemical or nuclear energy

Question 6

What is a finite fuel

Answer 6

A non-renewable fuel that cannot be replaced at the rate that humans are using them (they will eventually run out)

Question 7

What are disadvantages of coal

Answer 7

Produces pollution
Produces CO2 - contributes to global warming and climate changeW

Question 8

What are some advantages of coal

Answer 8

Enough left to satisfy what we need for now
Electricity made by burning coal is reliable

Question 9

What are some disadvantages of oil and gas fuel

Answer 9

Produces pollution
Produces CO2 - contributes to global warming and climate change

Question 10

What are some advantages of oil and gas fuel

Answer 10

Enough left to satisfy what we need for now
Electricity made by burning coal is reliable

Question 11

What are some disadvantages of nuclear energy

Answer 11

Produces very dangerous radioactive waste that lasts for thousands of years

Question 12

What are some advantages of nuclear energy

Answer 12

It does not make CO2 and not not contribute to global warming and climate change
Electricity made by nuclear energy is reliable

Question 13

Name 5 renewable energy sources

Answer 13

Solar, Wind, water (tidal), geothermal, hydroelectric

Question 14

As solar

Answer 14

Renewable, cheap, does not pollute, no CO2

Question 15

Ds of solar

Answer 15

Only works when sunny, not a very concentrated source of energy

Question 16

As water (tidal)

Answer 16

Renewable, does not pollute, no CO2, UK has lots of sea waves

Question 17

Ds water (tidal)

Answer 17

Need huge numbers of turbines that take up space in the sea, very challenging engineering to build,A

Question 18

As wind

Answer 18

Renewable, does not pollute, no CO2, UK has lots of wind

Question 19

Ds of wind

Answer 19

Only works when windy, turbines need to be turned off if too windy

Question 20

As geothermal

Answer 20

Cheap, free, does not pollute no CO2

Question 21

Ds geothermal

Answer 21

only works when there are hot rocks near Earth’s surface,

Question 22

What is geothermal energy

Answer 22

Hot rock in the ground have cold water pumped down to them, steam forms, is used to heat homes and run electricity power stations

Question 23

What is tidal (water) energy

Answer 23

Up and down motion of sea waves is used to turn turbines that generate electricity

Question 24

What is solar energy

Answer 24

Special materials turn sunlight into electricity. Or use sunlight to heat water

Question 25

As hydroelectric energy

Answer 25

Cheap to run, does not pollute, no CO2

Question 26

Ds hydroelectric enrgy

Answer 26

Expensive to build, only works where there are mountainous lakes

Question 27

What is hydroelectric energy

Answer 27

In mountainous places lakes high up - have holes drilled in the bottom (or DAMs!) to allow water out through pipes. The water moves very fast and turns turbines that generate electricity

Question 28

What is work done measured in

Answer 28

Joules

Question 29

Formula for calculating work done

Answer 29

Work = Force x distance

Question 30

What is work done

Answer 30

If you move an object and there is a force acting against you e.g. Friction, then you have done 'work'

Question 31

What will happen if you do work on an object?

Answer 31

One of its energy stores will increase

Question 32

What is the formula that links power energy and time

Answer 32

Power = Energy / Time

Question 33

What are the units of Power

Answer 33

Watt (joules per second)

Question 34

Define biofuel

Answer 34

Fuels that are being grown or produced by living things

Question 35

Examples of biofuel

Answer 35

Grown --> Suns light energy --> Harvet --> Burn --> Chemical energy store --> Heat + light --> Replenish (grow back within human lifetime)

Question 36

What is an example of plant biofuel used for vehicle fuel

Answer 36

Sugar cane

Question 37

Describe arrangement of particles in solid

Answer 37

Vibrate around fixed position Regular arrangement Held in place by reasonably strong bonds

Question 38

Describe arrangement of particles in liquid

Answer 38

Randomly arranged Can move over each other but remain touching Some weak forces holding particles close

Question 39

Describe arrangement of particles in gas

Answer 39

Particles move around randomly at high speed Large gaps between particles Randomly arranged Fill space they are in Little to no forces of attraction between particles

Question 40

Define density

Answer 40

Mass per unit volume of a substance (mass/volume) How compact a material is for the space it takes up

Question 41

Units of density?

Answer 41

gram/cm3 or kg/m3

Question 42

Apparatus used to measure volume of irregular object

Answer 42

Displacement can

Question 43

Define conduction

Answer 43

Movement of heat energy from a hotter region through a solid to a colder region

Question 44

How does conduction occur in non-metals

Answer 44

By particles vibrating and starting their neighbouring particles to vibrate

Question 45

Describe conduction in metals

Answer 45

2 ways: 1. Same as non-metals (particles vibrate and start neighbours to vibrate 2. Delocalised electrons move between the gaps in between particles to start other particles vibrating

Question 46

Are.metals good conductors

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

What is freezing

Answer 47

State change liquid to solid

Question 48

What is melting

Answer 48

State change solid to liquid

Question 49

What is evaporating

Answer 49

State change liquid to gas

Question 50

What is condensing

Answer 50

State change gas to liquid

Question 51

What is sublimation

Answer 51

State change solid to gas

Question 52

What is depostion

Answer 52

State change gas to solid

Question 53

What states of matter does convection occur in?

Answer 53

Liquids and gases

Question 54

Explain convection

Answer 54

When you heat region of a gas/liquid Particles move faster Spaces between individual particles increases This causes the density of the region being heated to decrease Because liquids and gases can flow the warmer and less dense region will rise above denser cooler region After rising to the top it cools down and sinks causing the cycle to repeat This is a convection current

Question 55

Real life example of convection current

Answer 55

Radiators! Metal radiator gets hot from hot water passing through it Metal touches air around it and heats it Hotter air rises and is replaced by cooler air - this also gets heated and rises, and so on

Question 56

What is a scalar quantity

Answer 56

Has size but not direction

Question 57

6 examples of scalar quantiites

Answer 57

Mass, length, height, any distance, energy, power

Question 58

Define vector quantity

Answer 58

Quantity has size and direction, represented by arrows

Question 59

6 examples of vector quantities

Answer 59

Weight, friction, all forces, displacement, velocity, acceleration,

Question 60

Formula that links weight, gravitational field strength and mass

Answer 60

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

Question 61

Define acceleration

Answer 61

the change in velocity over time

Question 62

define velocity

Answer 62

the speed of something in a given direction

Question 63

Equation that links velocity, distance and time

Answer 63

Velocity = distance/time

Question 64

Formula for acceleration

Answer 64

Change in velocity/time