Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ortho > patient assessment > Flashcards

patient assessment Flashcards

1
Q

parts of ortho pt assessment

A 
history
EO assessment
IO assessment
summary
problem list
tx aims
tx plan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats the ideal occlusion/ gold standard

A

Andrew 6 keys (1972)

  1. Molar relationship: the distal surface of the DB cusp of the U FPM occludes with the mesial surface of the MB cusp of L. 7.
  2. Crown angulation - mesio-distal tip
  3. crown inclination
  4. no rotations
  5. no spaces
  6. flat occlusal planes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

C/O- aspect

A

RFA - specific thing?
level of concern
is pt concerned?
appearance
dental health
fct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aspects of MH that can affect ortho

A

epilepsy - avoid URAs
Recurrent aphthous ulcer - tend to manage
diabetes - diet
bisphosphonates - slow tooth movements and ext risk
latex allergy
Nickel allergy - NiTi arch wire ( not on the surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DH

A 
regular attender?
prev tx - coped?
caries risk - stabilise
prev ortho? - avoid retx if possible - RR
history of trauma - RR
OH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what habits are important to note in the history?

A

digit sucking
lower lip sucking
tongue thrust
nail biting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

features of lip sucking

A

retroclination L incisors

eczematous appearance L lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SH

A

prior knowledge from friends/siblings?
can they commit to tx - exams, travel, parents/work
wind instruments - can still play but will be more difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

occlusal features of a digit sucking habit

A

proclination U incisors
retroclination L incisors
localised AOB or incomplete OB
narrow upper arch +/- unilateral posterior CB

but superimposed on existing skeletal pattern and incisor relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EO assessment

A

skeletal pattern - AP, V, T
STs
TMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ways of assessing AP skeletal pattern

A

visual
palpate skeletal bases
lateral cephalogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how should the head be positioned for visually assessing the AP skeletal pattern?

A

Frankfort plane parallel to floor

natural head posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AP class 1

A

mandible 2-3mm behind maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AP class 2

A

mandible >3mm behind maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AP class 3

A

mandible <2mm or in front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ways of assessing V skeletal pattern

A

FMPA
vertical facial proportions
lat ceph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to assess FMPA clinically

A

Frankfort and mandibular planes

meet at occiput ideally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how to assess FMPA radiographically

A

porion to orbitale = Frankfort plane
gonion to menton = mandibular plane
meet at occiput ideally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

landmarks for clinical vertical facial proportions

A

glabella
subnasale
menton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clinical vertical facial ideal proportions

A

50 %
glabella -subnasale / subnasale - menton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

landmarks for cephalometric vertical facial proportions

A

nasion
Ant nasla spine
menton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cephalometric vertical facial ideal proportions

A

UAFH 45%

LAFH 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

transverse skeletal pattern

A

assess symmetry
reference: mid sagittal reference line/ interpupillary line
view from front and above
occlusal cant?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ST features to assess

A

lips
- competent
- trap
- lower lip level & activity

tongue
- position
- habitual
- swallowing

nasolabial angle
smile line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

competent lips

A

meet together at rest with relaxed mentalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lip form

A

full/thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

lip tonicity

A

hyperactive or little tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what group of patients often have hyperactive lip tonicity?

A

class 2 div 2 - will retrocline L incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nasolabial angle

A

angle formed by tangents to the U lip and columella of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does the nasolabial angle indicate?

A

upper lip position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

increased nasolabial angle

A

protrusive - good for ext

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

average nasolabial angle

A

100

33
Q

decreased nasolabial angle

A

retrusive - avoid ext if possible

34
Q

normal smile line

A

show whole height of U incisors with only the IP gingivae visible
at rest lips apart 3-4mm incisal tooth show

35
Q

what are tongue thrusts usually and why?

A

adaptive (secondary)

to achieve an anterior oral seal when swallowing (AOB)

36
Q

what is the problem with endogenous (primary) tongue thrusts?

A

harder to treat and more likely to relapse

37
Q

TMJ assessment

A

ask re symptoms
palpate as open/closed and lateral movements
note any clicks/crepitus/locking
note range of movement inc max opening
if symptoms examine MofM

38
Q

can tooth position/appliances cause TMD?

A

no evidence

39
Q

parts of IO examination

A

general overview
arches in isolation
teeth in occlusion

40
Q

features of IO general overview

A

chart erupted teeth
poor prognosis - need stabilisation before tx
OH
tooth quality - note any decal areas
PD condition
toothwear - sort erosion

41
Q

how can PD condition affect ortho tx?

A

can accelerate recession

prev loss of support can give more chance of relapse post-tx

42
Q

features of assessing the arches in isolation

A

crowded/aligned/spaced

incisors - proclined/average/retroclined

43
Q

mild degree of crowding

A

<4mm space short in one arch

44
Q

moderate degree of crowding

A

4-8mm space short in one arch

45
Q

severe degree of crowding

A

> 8mm space short in one arch

46
Q

methods to assess the degree of crowding

A

space available/space required
overlap technique (of contact points)

47
Q

methods to assess the degree of crowding - space available/space required

A

arch length or space available
- M6 to D2, D2 to M1, M1 to D2, D2 to M6
sum of widths of teeth anterior to 6s (premolars - premolars)

48
Q

methods to assess the degree of crowding - overlap technique

A

of contact points

add together

49
Q

methods to assess the degree of crowding - mixed dentition analysis

A 
need to use when permanent teeth still to erupt
U arch need 22mm
 - 3 8mm
 - 4 7mm
 - 5 7mm
L arch need 21mm
 - 3 7mm
 - 4 7mm
 - 5 7mm
50
Q

incisor angulation

A

Frankfort plane to long axis of U incisor is about 110 degrees

51
Q

things to assess when teeth in occlusion

A 
incisor classification 
OJ
OB
centre lines
molar relationship
canine relationship
crossbite
mandibular displacement?
52
Q

BSI class 1 incisors

A

lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the U central incisors

53
Q

BSI class 2 div 1 incisors

A

lower incisor edges lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper central incisors. U centrals proclined or av inclination, increased OJ

54
Q

BSI class 2 div 2 incisors

A

lower incisor edges lie posterior to cingulum plateau of U centrals
U centrals retroclined
OJ usually minimal but may be increased

55
Q

BSI class 3 incisors

A

lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of U centrals
OJ reduced or reversed

56
Q

what is OJ

A

horizontal distance between the labial surface of the tips of the U incisors and the labial surface of the L incisors

57
Q

measuring the OJ

A

teeth in ICP usually
ruler held parallel to occlusal plane (horizontal)
usually measure the greatest OJ on the most prominent U incisor

58
Q

overbite

A

vertical overlap of the incisor teeth

59
Q

describing OB

A
  • average, increased or decreased
  • complete or incomplete
  • complete to tooth/ ST
60
Q

average OB

A

where the U incisors overlap the incisal 1/2 to 1/3 of the crowns of the L incisors

61
Q

complete / incomplete OB

A

only for increased OB
- complete to tooth
- complete to ST
- incomplete

62
Q

centre lines

A 
look at rest and smiling
describe U and L centre lines relative to
 - midline of face (ref point)
 - each other
coincident, to right, to left
look from above, behind and in front
63
Q

whats the classification of buccal segment

A
  • Angle’s classification
  • class I, II, III
64
Q

class 1 molars

A

MB cusp of U FPM occludes with MB groove of L FPM

65
Q

class 2 molars

A

MB cusp of U FPM occludes anterior to MB groove of L FPM

66
Q

class 3 molars

A

MB cusp of U FPM occludes posterior to the MB groove of L FPM

67
Q

class 1 canines

A

U permanent canine occludes in the embrasure between the L permanent canine and L 4

68
Q

class 2 canines

A

U permanent canine occludes anterior to the embrasure between the L permanent canine and L4

69
Q

class 3 canines

A

U permanent canine occludes posterior to the embrasure between the L permanent canine and L4

70
Q

assessing mandibular displacement

A

check if you see CB or centre line discrepancy
check path of closure
check for displacement - RCP/ICP discrepancy - curl tongue back as gradually close, stop when feel first tooth contact

71
Q

assessing CB

A

describe teeth involved

check for mandibular displacement

72
Q

kesling set ups

A

useful for pt to see

simulate position you think teeth will end up in

73
Q

diagnostic records

A 
radiographs
study models
Kesling set ups
photographs
sensibility tests
CBCT
74
Q

what radiograph could you use in ortho

A
  • OPT
  • maxillary anterior occlusal
  • lateral cephalogram
75
Q

indications for CBCT

A

UE teeth
multidisciplinary cases
bone for implants

76
Q

when do you decide if radiographs are needed?

A

after clinical examination

77
Q

what is always first in tx aims?

A

deal with pathology

78
Q

what should be included at the end of the tx plan?

A

retention

Ortho (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions