check previous imaging studies
check lab work
prepare room
put patient info into machine
Pre-Patient
emergency room
outpatient
inpatient
Where is patient
isolation status
any prep needed
special considerations for age
other tests ordered
labs requested
inpatient preps check
check physician orders
ask relevant questions
explain exam
obtain verbal consent for endovaginal scan
ask if any questions
follow standard precautions
patient in room pre-scanning
history
current complaints
check mothers well being (OB)
Relevant questions
proper handwashing
cleaning of equipment
standard precautions
warm gel
warm room
protect patient modesty
treat patients with respect
If OB patient drops BP, have lie on left side
patient scanning
no diagnosis given to patient
explain role as sonographer
explain radiologists role
OB pictures/CD
answer all p[atient questions
ensure patient can find way out of department
Post scan
full bladder for transabdominal pelvic scan
empty bladder for transvaginal scan
lower freq for obese patients
Gyn table or cushion under buttocks for TV scan
Examination techniques
result of pressure changes in soft tissue causing formation of gas bubbles
stable
transient
MI
Cavitation
involves microbubbles already in soft tissue
change diameter with passin gof pressure variations of sound wave
Stable cavitation
occurs when the microbubble collapses
produces pressure shockwaves
localized extremely high temps and light emission in clear liquids
potential for significant destructive effects
Transient Cavitation
indicator of cavitation
MI
Mechanical Index
latin for
within the living
experimentation using a whole living organism
In-vivo
in glass
experimentation inside a test tube or lab dish
In-vitro
study of populations in order to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks
epidemiologic
handouts
ALARA
Bioeffects
less than 1 W/cm no effects
SPTA Intensity
hydrophones
phantom objects test-measure
Quality assurance
measure the accoustic output of diagnostic instruments
hydrophones
detail resolution
distance accuracy
compensation
sensitivity
dynamic range
phantom tests
