Pattern recognition in neurology Flashcards
Movement disorders affecting the pyramidal/UMN?
Pyramidal weakness
Spasticity
Hyperkinetic MD?
Dystonia Tics Myoclonus Chorea Tremor
Affect basal ganglia
Hypokinetic MD?
Parkinsonism
Parkinsons
Affect basal ganglia
Features of UMN weakness?
Increased tone
Brisk reflexes
Pyramidal pattern (Weak extensors in arm, flexor in leg)
Features of LMN weakness?
Wasting
Fasciulation
Decreased tone
Decreased or absent reflexes
Features in muscle disease?
Wasting
Decreased tone
Decreased or absent tendon reflexes
Features in NMJ disease?
Fatiguable weakness
Normal/decreased tone
Normal reflexes
No sensory symptoms
Features in functional weakness
No wasting Normal tone Normal reflexes Erratic power Non-anatomical loss
Cerebellar signs?
Borad based gait and unsteady
Intention tremor/ataxia
Dysdiadochokinesis- Clumsy fast alternating movements
Nystagmus and dysarthria
Extrapyramidal symptoms?
Bradykinesia Hypomimia Hypophonia Reduced arm swing, festination Assymmetry in PD
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Personality, executive function
Defects that can occur in temporal lobe?
Memory dysfunction Agnosia Language Visual field Auditory dysfunction
Defects that can occur in parietal lobe?
Visual field defect
Sensory dysfunction
Dyspraxia
Innattention
Treatment options for Parkinsons?
Levodopa Dopamine agonist MAOB inhibitors Anticholinergics Amantadine- NMDA antagonist
Cardinal features of PD?
Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability
Usually assymetrical
Cardinal features of MS?
Vision problems
Stiffness
Weakness
Symptoms can worsen with fever or higher temps
LMN signs?
Fasciculations
Wasting in groups outside a single myotome
UMN signs?
Increased tone Clonus Loss of dexterity Brisk reflexes Babinski sign
Symptoms of lacunar syndromes?
Motor hemiparesis or
pure sensory deficit of one side
Symptoms of posterior circulation syndrome
CN palsy Uni or bilateral motor or sensory deficit Disorder of conjugate eye movement Cerebellar dysfunction Homo hemianopia Cortical blindness
Symptoms of total anterior circulation syndrome?
Hemiplegia and homonymous hemianopia contralateral to lesion
Aphasia or visuospatial disturbance
+/- sensory deficit contralateral to lesion
Symptoms of anterior circulation syndrome?
Unilateral motor or sensory, aphasia or visuospatial neglect
Motor or sensory deficit
