Paul Heselton CLD

Question 1

Katherine Nelson (1973)

Answer 1

• identified 4 categories for first words of children
• naming (things or people), actions/events, describing/modifying, personal/social
  Findings:
• 60% of the first words were nouns (naming)
• verbs formed the second largest group and were used with actions or location words like up and down
• modifiers came third
• peronsal/social words made up around 8% of the sample

Question 2

Leslie Rescorla

Answer 2

• studied 78 children from the age of 2 for 15 years and published her findings in 2009
• she identified 25 ‘must have’ words children should known by the age of 2
• she claimed there was a link between later vocab development in toddlers and continued language as they got older, if a child ha few words in their vocabulary aged 2, it could be a sign of other problems

Question 3

Semantic understanding

Answer 3

Between 12 and 18 months old children will often improvise if they don’t know the word for something (over extension and under extension)

Question 4

Define overextension

Answer 4

Using a more specific word to label a more general noun

Question 5

Under extension

Answer 5

Using a more general word but will only apply it to a specific situation or thing

Question 6

Hyponymy

Answer 6

A more generic term that can encapsulate a range of more specific words

Question 7

Jean aitchison: 3 other process of semantic development

Answer 7

• labelling: when a child links a sound to an object, able to call something by its correct name
• packaging: when a chid begins to understand the range of meaning a word might have
• network building: when a child starts to make connects between words e.g. they understand that words have opposites like ‘big’ and ‘small’